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Causes of the Civil War States Rights The states wanted to choose whether or not they were free states or slave states, and not the government telling them. Sectionalism Representatives were making decisions based on only what their region needs (South, North, East ,West) rather than the whole country. Tariff The tariff used tax on imports from Europe which helped the north because most of the nations factories were located there. However, it didn’t help the south because south had mostly agriculture. A newspaper about states rights A newspaper about an increase in tariffs. Resources of the North and South Southern Advantage Robert E. Lee • Perhaps the biggest southern advantage was Gen. Robert E. Lee • Combat engineer and commander in Federal army; West Point grad • Asked by Lincoln to lead the Union Army, Lee refused to “turn his back on his home, Virginia” • He opposed slavery & secession, but couldn’t leave his birthplace…Virginia Lincoln Calls Out the Militia • Two days after surrender of Ft. Sumter Lincoln asked the Union states to provide 75,000 men • Militia men are asked to sign on for 90 days. • Both sides expected a short war Filling the Ranks • At the beginning of the war in 1861, the Northern Army is more than twice as large as the Southern Army • Men had to pledge that they were over the age of 18 to fight, but boys as young as 9 acted as drummer boys Filling the Ranks • The South enacted legislation to prevent large landowners from leaving their plantations (and slaves) to fight. • This left most of the ranks filled with poor farmers. Southern Strategies • The South took their cue from the success of the American Revolution and chose to fight a defensive war, wearing the North down until they gave up. • South was fighting on familiar ground • Emotion. Southerners were defending their home and way of life. Surrender meant the death of the south. Northern Strategies • The North had a 3 pronged approach called the Anaconda Plan: – Block southern ports to all imports/exports--blockade – Control the Mississippi River splitting the confederacy in two – Take Richmond, the confederate capital Anaconda Plan Map 2: The Upper Potomac, 1861 Choosing Sides • Border states play a key role in war’s outcome • Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri— slave states that bordered states in which slavery was illegal • Maryland was important to North. If MD seceded then D.C. would be cut off from Union. • Lincoln orders the arrest of MD lawmakers who backed the south 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • Most Civil War battles are called by 2 different names • The North named the battle after the nearest river • The South named the battle after the nearest town • The first battle of the war was near the town of Manassas and Bull Run River 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • In order for Union to take Richmond need to defeat Confederate troops at town of Manassas • Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson routed the Yankee army, causing them to run in fear • They trampled picnickers who had gathered to watch the battle. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • Northern troops, according to legend, commented that Gen. Jackson sat upon his horse like a ‘stone wall” • The nickname stuck • The southern victory assured the South that this would be a quick war fought against inferior troops • They were wrong on both accounts 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas • The first civilian casualty occurred at Bull Run. • Judith Henry, was killed by a cannon ball as she laid in bed • South thinks the war is over. North realizes it underestimated. Union Leadership • Lincoln chose Irwin McDowell to lead the Union’s Army of the Potomac. • He was replaced 3 days after his defeat at Bull Run with Gen. George McClellan Union Leadership • His was nicknamed “the Creeper” because he was so hesitant to attack, always fearing he was out-numbered Union Leadership • After 5 months of fighting, McClellan withdrew even though he out-numbered and out-powered the confederate army • One of his men found Lee’s plans wrapped around some cigars. • He had the plans for the next battle at Antietam Creek Union Leadership • After 5 months of fighting, McClellan withdrew even though he out-numbered and out-powered the confederate army • One of his men found Lee’s plans wrapped around some cigars. • He had the plans for the next battle at Antietam Creek North and South clip http://viewpure.com/J1oruoUCy6k