Download Ch. 11 PowerPoint Solution Describe the five logical data groups or

Ch. 11 PowerPoint Solution
1. Describe the five logical data groups or categories.
1. Character is basic logical data element; a single letter, number, or special character such
as a punctuation mark
2.
Field is next higher level; group of related characters; Last Name for example; a data
field represents an attribute (description or characteristic) of an entity (person, place,
thing, or object)
3.
Record is a collection of related fields; a collection of attributes
4. Table is a collection of related records
5.
Database is an integrated collection of logically related tables
2. What is the difference between batch processing and real-time processing?
Batch processing is data collected and stored over time, several hours, days, or even weeks, and
then processed at once, together. Real-time processing is processing that happens “now”
instead of later; there is no waiting.
3. Identify and define the five parts of DBMS programs.
Hierarchical- Data structured in nodes like an upside-down tree, each parent node has several
children and each child node only has one parent.
Network- similar to Hierarchical with the exception that each child can have several parents
Relational- data stored in tables consisting of rows and columns.
Multidimensional-data stored in data cubes with three or more dimensions.
Object-oriented- organizes data using classes, objects, attributes, and methods
4. Describe each of the five common database models.
Hierarchical Database
•
Fields or records structured in nodes; viewed as branches of an upside-down tree.
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Each item is subordinate to its parent node; only one parent per node; parent can have
several child nodes; sometimes described as a one-to-many relationship.
•
The subordinate item is the child node to the parent.
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If parent node is deleted, all the child nodes are deleted.
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New parent node must be created before adding new child node.
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Limited by rigid structure; no connection between the child nodes.
Network Database
•
Also has hierarchical node arrangement but here child nodes may have more than one
parent node, or a many-to-many relationship.
•
The interconnected design allows for access via multiple pathways; more flexible.
•
There are connections call pointers between parent and child so a node can be reached
through multiple paths.
Relational Database
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No pre-determined access paths – Data stored in a collection of columns and rows called a table,
or a relation.
•
Tables may be electronically linked via a key field containing common data item.
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Most valuable feature of relational database for its simplicity
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Entries can be easily added, deleted, and modified
•
Common for microcomputers
•
Widely used for mainframe and minicomputer systems
Multidimensional Database
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Includes additional or multiple dimensions called a data cube
•
Data can be viewed as a cube having three or more sides and consisting of cells
•
Each side is considered a dimension of the data
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Used for complex relationships between data
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Complex relationships between data can be represented and efficiently analyzed
•
Conceptualization provide users with an intuitive model in which complex data and
relationships can be conceptualized
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Processing speed, analyzing and querying a large multidimensional database is faster
Object-oriented Database
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Objects are entities that contain both data and action that can be taken on that data
•
Classes are similar objects grouped together
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Attributes are the description of entities; similar to fields
•
Methods are descriptions of how the data is to be manipulated
5. What are some of the benefits and limitations of databases? Why is security a concern?
Databases offer great opportunities for productivity; users must make constant effort to keep
database reliable
Databases help users keep current and plan for the future, but keeping them secure is
important.
1. Data collected from numerous sources
2. Stored in a data warehouse
3. By data mining, companies are looking for related information and patterns
Examples of available databases include the following:
1. Business directories
2. Demographic data
3. Business statistical information
4. Text databases
5. Web databases
Security may include armed guards to electronic verification of person through fingerprints or
eye imaging. Special hardware and software called firewalls are often used to control access to
their internal networks.