Download Exam 6 Study Guide Chapter 22, Heart Explain the difference

Exam 6 Study Guide
Chapter 22, Heart
Explain the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Explain the pathway of a blood cell from the right atrium through the circulation back to the right
atrium.
Explain the functional and structural differences between atria and ventricles.
Explain the functional and structural differences between the right and left ventricles.
Identify the parts of the heart on a photograph of a dissected heart, on a diagram, or a model, and
explain the function of each: right and left atria, right and left ventricles, valves, arteries, veins, chordae
tendineae, papillary muscles, trabeculae, opening for coronary sinus, fossa ovalis, pectinate muscle
Identify the right and left coronary arteries and the great, medium, and small coronary veins, and
coronary sinus on a diagram or photograph of the heart.
Identify the layers of heart wall.
Explain the role of the sinoatrial node. Explain how a heart muscle impulse travels from the SA node
through the heart. Identify the structures involved: AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, right bundle,
left bundle.
Explain the difference between systole and diastole. Explain what happens during systole and diastole.
Identify differences between the fetal and natal circulation: ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus
arteriosus. Understand why blood bypasses the lungs in a fetus. Identify the umbilical arteries and vein.
Identify structures in the natal and adult body that originated from structures in the fetus: ligamentum
arteriosum, ligamentum venosum, fossa ovalis, medial umbilical ligaments, round ligament of liver.
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Exam 5 Study Guide
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Chapter 26 Digestive System
Define the following terms: ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, elimination
Identify and give the function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs:
Oral cavity
Stomach
Ileum of small intestine
Anus
Gallbladder
Pyloric sphincter
Cecum
Pharynx
Duodenum of small intestine
Large intestine (ascending,
transverse, descending, and
sigmoid sections)
Liver
Pancreas
Gastric folds
Esophagus
Jejunum of small intestine
Rectum
Salivary glands (parotid,
submandibular, sublingual)
Inferior esophageal sphincter
Appendix
Compare and contrast peristalsis and segmentation.
Identify the lingual frenulum, uvula, and transverse palatine folds in the oral cavity.
Explain what a bolus is.
Understand the structure of teeth and be able to identify the following parts of a tooth:
Crown
Root canal
Neck
Periodontal ligaments
Root
Pulp cavity
Define enamel and dentin. And explain what is meant by deciduous teeth.
Identify the different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars
Understand that function of mesenteries. Distinguish between the mesentery proper and the
mesocolon.
Identify the tissue layers in the GI tract: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. Understand what the
myenteric nerve plexus is and where it is found.
Describe what acid reflux is.
Understand the function of the 3 muscle layers in the stomach, and of gastric folds. Explain the role of
mucous cells and cells in the gastric glands.
Understand that the small intestine is lined with circular folds that are covered with villi.
Explain the function of the liver and gallbladder. Identify the following parts of the liver: right and left
lobes, falciform ligament, round ligament. Explain the progression of fatty liver disease. Understand how
gallstones are created and why they are a problem.
Explain the pancreas’s role in digestion.
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Exam 5 Study Guide
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Chapter 28-Reproductive System
Define gonads and gametes. Identify the major human sex hormones.
Identify and give the function of the following structures and organs in the female reproductive system:
Ovaries
Cervix
Labia minora
Ovarian ligament
Mons pubis
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Hymen
Fallopian (uterine) tubes
Labia majora
Broad ligament
Prepuce
Understand the phases of the menstrual cycle and the development of an egg from primary oocyte to
ovulation. Explain the role of a corpus luteum or corpus albicans.
Define menarche and menopause.
Explain what an ectopic pregnancy is and why it is problematic.
Distinguish between the perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium of the uterus.
Explain the function of a Pap smear.
Understand how different forms of birth control work and which protect against sexually treated
diseases.
Identify and give the function of the following structures and organs in the male reproductive system:
Testis
Seminal vesicle
Urethra
Scrotum
Pampiniform plexus
Corpus cavernosa
Epididymis
Prostate gland
Penis
Dartos and cremaster muscles
Glans penis
Corpus spongiosum
Vas (ductus) deferens
Bulbourethral gland
Ureter
Spermatic cord
Prepuce (foreskin)
Explain what circumcision is.
Explain how an erection occurs.
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