Download Describes a noun or a pronoun.

Quick Reference Guide-Parts of Speech
Part of Speech
Noun
(Subject-S, direct
Object=do, indirect
object=io, and obj.
of prep=op,
predicate nominative=pn)
Pronoun
(pro)
(Subject-S, direct
Object=do, indirect
object=io, and obj.
of prep=op)
Adjective
(adj, or predicate
adjective –pa)
(sometimes articles
which are a, an, the)
Definition
Antecedent
Ponoun
Takes the place of a
noun. A stand in for
a noun
Subject Pronouns:
I, he, she, they, we,
you
Object Pronouns:
him, her, it, them,
me, us, you
Describes
a noun or a
pronoun.
Verb
Shows action or
state or being.
LV=
Linking verbs:
appear, sound, seem,
grow, & 1st six of
HV song (is, be, am,
are, was, were, been)
LV
No action!
pa
pn
Who?
What?
do
AV
io
Action
―New Improved Definition‖
Person, Place,
Thing, Idea
*Antecedent =Noun
which the pronoun
refers to.
The dog ate its bone.
Helping: is, be, am,
are, was, were, been,
have, has, had
do, does, did, may,
can, must, might,
could, would, should,
shall, will, being
(HV song!)
created by Fern LeMaster (Alton C. Crews Middle)
Who?
Answers
Or
What?
Kinds of nouns
1. Common– Any one of a group of people, places or things.
2. Proper– Specific person, place, thing.
3. Compound– 2 or more words joined to make one.
Answers
Who?
Kinds of pronouns
1st person
Singular
I, me, my, mine
2nd person
Your, yours
3rd person
Or
What?
Plural
we, us, our, ours
you, your,
He, him, his, she, her, it
they, them, their, theirs
Answers
What kind? Which one? How many? Whose?
Kinds:
1. common adjective (ex. skating party)
2. proper adjective (ex. Arizona desert)
3. compound adjective (ex. Newborn calf)
Shows time: Has tense can happen yesterday, today or tomorrow.
Ex. (Past) 1. Yesterday I swam.
(Present)2. Today I swim. He/she swims.
(Future)3. Tomorrow I will swim.
(Present Perfect) 1. I have swum. He/ she has run. (have/has +past participle (pp)
(Past Perfect)
2. I had swum. (had + pp)
(Future Perfect) 3. I will have swum. (will have + pp)
*Watch for irregular verbs + forms of ―to be‖
Ex. Carolyn is a good student.
Jeremy and Scott are good citizens.
Kinds Of Verbs
1. Action– Visible (jump and play)
Mental ( feel, love, understand) Still called action verbs.
Definition
Examples of Compounds
Single word
Hyphenated
Thunderstorm
father-in-law
Separate
Pen pal
Collective-groups ex. team, flock, class, school of
fish, fleet of ships
Abstract noun– Can’t see or touch. Ex. Love, courage, hope, anger, frustration, confusion
Kinds of pronouns
Demonstrative– this, that, these, those
Relative– who, whose, which, what, that, whoever,
whatever, whichever,
Ex. The player who had the ball, kicked to.
Interrogative– Who?, Whose?, Whom, Which?,
What?
Reflexive– myself, himself, themselves
Indefinite– all, both, one, each, some
Kinds of adjectives
1. What kind? Ex. Expensive toys
2. Which one? Or whose? Ex. This man, the C.D
3. How many? Ex. Few cars, enough raisins, many
Possessive– ex. Her C.D
Demonstrative– ex. This watch
Note* there usually has to be a noun after it for it
to be an adjective Ex. Both girls sang.
Kinds Of Verbs
2. Helping Verb– before main verb- ―helps‖ action
to occur, shows time.(is, was, will be)
Ex. Semaj is playing football.
HV
MV
3. Linking Verb– Links noun/pronoun with a word
that identifies or describes it NO ACTION!
Ex. Zach is a baseball fan.
LV
Ex. The lemon tastes sour. (can put ―is‖ in place)
LV
(inf): to sing, to run—verb
*Infinitive
form disguised as noun, adj, or adv
Remember AAAWWWUBBIS-sc (as, although, after, while, when, unless, because, before, it, since)
Part of Speech
English Definition
Adverb (adv)
Describes a verb, an
adjective or another
adverb.
Ex. The man sat down.
( ―down‖ is not a
preposition now!)
Preposition (prep)
Always part of a prepositional phrase which
begins with preposition
and ends with a noun or
pronoun.
Amber ran (across the
hall.)
Conjunction
(cc, sc)
New Improved Definition
Answers
Where?
When?
To What Extent?
How?
Kinds: Where?- Ansley, Abby, and Karen is here.
When?- Drew will come later.
How? Isabel and Caitlin smiled happily.
To what extent? Ben and Alex are so happy.
Shows a relationship
between a noun/
pronoun and another
word in a sentence.
Describes another adverb.
*Some ―hard-to-find adverbs—NOT ex. Anna could not find
her book.
Some more prepositions to watch out for! Some consist of
more than one word.
3 kinds
1. Mary and Julianna will dance. (cc in a simple sentence)
2. Jesse or Ty will play cards.
3. Ray works quickly yet in a careful way.
4. Yssys ran the mile, and Pilar played basketball.
(CC joins 2 independent clauses= 2 complete sentences)
5. Pierce likes pizza, but Justin prefers hot dogs.
Ex. That is the answer according to Ilyassa.
Avery and Haley need stamps in addition to envelopes.
The football is next to the door.
Lee and Ethan will go regardless of the weather.
Subject= noun or pronoun
Connects words,
groups of words and
independent clauses.
1. Coordinate -CC– FANBOYS -
for, and, nor but, or, yet, so
3. Correlative-and, either, or, neither, nor, not, whether
Expresses sudden excitement or strong feeling
Usually followed by an exclamation mark (!) or a
comma. Ex. Ah, aha, fine, hurray, ugh, wow, ouch,
oh
Kinds of sentences 1. SIMPLE (ss) = S+V (1 independent clause—a complete thought)
2. COMPOUND (cd) =2 independent clauses (joined by ; or cc)
Ex. independent clause, one of FANBOYS (cc) + independent clause
Basic Parts of a
Either Cady will babysit, or Morriah will babysit the twins.
Sentence
Maddie and Macie play soccer; they play at GSA.
Subject + Predicate=
3. COMPLEX (cx) = 1 dependent clause + 1 independant
Sentence
verb and after it every- Adverb clause w/ subordinate conjunction (sc) AKAAAAWWUBBIS ex. 1. Since it’s raining, Josh can’t play soccer.
thing after it
2. Jacob went swimming because a competition was approaching.
PHRASE—does NOT
Adjective Clause w/relative pronoun (that, which, who, whom,
have a subject and a
whose) Ex. Emma read the book that was fantasy.
verb ex. down the
Noun Clause: Julianna buys whatever CD’s are on sale.
street, living in GA.=
FRAGMENT
1. Sean nearly won the race.
2. This is too sweet.
Describes an adjective (to what extent?)
3. Samir walked very carefully. (how?)
Anything a rabbit can do to a log.
Ex. Jumps across, over, around, near, on, off, under, toward, in, inside, from, against, behind, beneath
*Beware! There are some prepositions that do not fit.
Ex. of, for, at, after, except, instead of, about
NOTE* The S of a sentence will never be in the prep.
Phrase!
2. Subordinate (SC) AAAWWUBBIS
Interjection
(int)
Examples
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX (cd-cx) - 2 independent clauses + 1 dependent
Wow! That was a powerful serve.
Strong feeling
Oh, I wish I could find it. Mild feeling
Hard-to-find subjects
A. Begin at once. (a command subject is always You)
B. Will Drew start soon? Drew will start soon. (change so it’s not a question)
C. There is my book.
My book is there. (flip it!)
Direct Object—noun or pronoun (do): Find AV (transitive verb) and ask
Who? Or What?
Ex. Molly and Melanie asked a question.
Indirect Object (io): To or for whom/To or For what? Eli gave Justin a CD.
CLAUSE = S+V (all clauses have a S+V!)
Independent Clause (= a complete thought) = S+V & can stand on it’s own
ex.1. Erica walked, ran, and swam. 2. Watson played lacrosse.
Dependent Clause = S+V but NOT a complete thought and can’t stand alone.
Ex. 1. When Liana was little 2. If Will and Emaso won a million dollars
(also known as fragments!)