Download •Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael •Renowned painter

Other Artists
Raphael
• Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael
• Renowned painter, accomplished architect
• Most famous work, The School of Athens, fresco—
painting made on fresh, moist plaster
• Also well known for many paintings of the
Madonna, mother of Jesus
• Dates: 1483-1520 Italy
Leonardo da Vinci
• Highly talented in all fields
• His paintings are still studied and admired
• Wrote out ideas, filling 20,000 pages of notes
• His interests, enthusiasm boundless
Talented painter but was also a writer, inventor,
architect, engineer, mathematician, musician, and
philosopher.
-true Genius of the Renaissance.
“Renaissance Man”
Mona Lisa
Last Supper
1452-1519 Florence, Milan,
Bramante
• Renaissance architecture reached height with work
of Donato Bramante
• Had already achieved fame when chosen architect
of Rome
• Designed St. Peter’s Basilica ;influenced
appearance of many smaller churches
Michelangelo
• Studied anatomy
• Age 24, won fame with
Pietà, sculpture of Jesus’
mother Mary holding
son’s dead body
• Sculpture communicates
grief, love, acceptance,
immortality
Sculpture, Painting
• Marble statue of David
• Most famous painting, artwork on
ceiling of Sistine Chapel
• Scenes from Old Testament
considered one of greatest
achievements in art history
• -studied in Medici garden,
supported by this patron family.
1400’s, Florence, Italy
1475-1564
Secular Writers/Examples of Renaissance Men
How to Act
• Italian diplomat Baldassare Castiglione wrote book, The Courtier
• Described how perfect Renaissance gentleman, gentlewoman should
act
• Book includes fictional conversation between duke, guests
Castiglione’s Advice
• Castiglione gave nobles new rules for refined behavior in humanist
society
• Speak of serious, as well of amusing subjects; know Latin, Greek
• Be well-acquainted with poetry, history; be able to write prose, poetry
A Book Revolution
Printing Press
• Mid-1400s, Johannes Gutenberg cast letters of alphabet on metal plates, locked
metal plates on wooden press; perfected movable type printing
• Result, one of most dramatic upheavals world has ever known
Printed Word Available to More
• Before only way to reproduce writing was by hand; long, painstaking process
• With movable type, text quickly printed; producing books faster, cheaper
• Easier access to books prompted more people to learn to read
Italics
• Gutenberg’s first publication, 1,282-page Bible
• Printers soon appeared in other cities, made books quickly, inexpensively
• Explosion of printed material quickly spread Renaissance ideas
Philosophers and Writers
Northern humanists expressed their own ideas
Combined interests of theology, fiction and history
Created philosophical works, novels, dramas, and poems
Desiderius Erasmus
• Combined Christian
ideas, humanism
• Wrote of pure, simple
Christian life, educating
children
• Fanned flames of
discontent
• Roman Catholic Church
censored, condemned
works
Sir Thomas More
• More’s best-known
work, Utopia, contains
criticisms of English
government, society
• Presents vision of
perfect, non-existent
society based on
reason
Christine de Pisan
• Italian-born writer
focused on role of
women in society
• Grew up in French
court of Charles V;
turned to writing when
widowed
• Championed equality,
education for women
Shakespeare and His Characters
William Shakespeare
• Many believe English playwright
William Shakespeare greatest writer
• Plots not original, but treatments of
them masterful
• Drew inspiration from ancient,
contemporary literature
• Knowledge of natural science,
humanist topics expressed in plays
Spread Renaissance Ideas
• Use of language, choice of themes
made plays appealing even to
uneducated
• Plays helped spread ideas of
Renaissance to mass audience
• Focused on lives of realistic characters,
unlike morality plays
• By Shakespeare’s death, 1616, London
scene of thriving theatre district
Machiavelli
Machiavellian advice seemed to encourage harsh treatment of
citizens, rival states
• Describes men as “ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers”
• Advises rulers to separate morals from politics
– Power, ruthlessness more useful than idealism
– Ruler must do whatever necessary to maintain political power, even if
cruel
• Machiavelli’s theory that “the end justifies the means” deviated
from accepted views of correct behavior
• Idea that state an entity in itself, separate from its ruler, became
foundation for later political philosophy
• How to Rule
• Philosopher, statesman Niccolò Machiavelli also wrote influential
book
• Experiences with violent politics influenced opinions on how
governments should rule in The Prince
Renaissance Art
The arts a reflection of the new humanist spirit
Medieval artists—idealized and symbolic representations
Renaissance artists depicted what they observed in nature
Patrons of the Arts
• Medieval times, anonymous artists
who worked for church created art
• Renaissance artists worked for
whoever offered them highest price
• Buyers of art, patrons, might be
wealthy individuals, city governments,
or church
Competition Among Patrons
• Wealthy individuals competed,
displaying wealth, modernity through
purchase of artworks
• Florence, Lorenzo de Medici
supported most talented artists.
• Patron of the Arts: gave money to
support artists
Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as realistically as possible.