Download 4-6 Outline Notes

Standard 4-6: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the causes, the course, and the
effects of the American Civil War.
4-6.1 Explain the significant economic and geographical differences between the North and the South.
1. The economy and ways of life of the North and South developed differently.
a. North
i. Shipbuilding, businesses, banks, and small farms
1. Rocky soil
2. Short growing season
ii. Free labor system
1. Emancipated (freed) slaves
iii. Rivers for water power for factories
iv. Population in towns and cities grew quickly
v. More transportation—railroads, canals
vi. Public education was well established
b. South
i. Agriculture—small farms and plantations
1. Fertile soil
2. Mild climate
ii. Slave labor system
1. Dependent on slaves to grow cotton
iii. Rivers for transporting products
iv. Population grew slowly
v. Less railroads
vi. Education dependent on gender/social class
4-6.2 Explain the contributions of abolitionists to the mounting tensions between the North and South
over slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth, Fredrick Douglas, Harriet Tubman,
Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Brown.
2. Abolitionists- people who wanted to abolish (do away with) slavery
a. William Lloyd Garrison
i. Published anti-slavery newspaper—The Liberator
ii. Formed American Anti-slavery Society
1. Published books and papers about the emancipation of all slaves
b. Sojourner Truth
i. Born as a slave in NY but was eventually freed
ii. Anti-slavery and pro-women’s rights speaker
c. Fredrick Douglas
i. Escaped slave who became speaker, published newspaper—The North Star,
wrote an autobiography about conditions of slavery
ii. Helped to recruit Northern African Americans to join the Union Army once the
Civil War began
d. Harriet Tubman
i. Escaped slave who then led slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad
ii. Served as a spy for the Union Army during the Civil War
e. Harriet Beecher Stowe
i. Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin about the cruelty of slavery
f. John Brown
i. Led a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry in Virginia
1. Unsuccessful, went to trial and found guilty
4-6.3 Explain the specific events and issues that led to the Civil War, including sectionalism, slavery in
the territories, states’ rights, the presidential election of 1860, and secession.
3. Events and issues that led to the Civil War
a. Sectionalism- each section of the country (north or south) was more important to the
people than the interest of the country as a whole
i. Resulted in political, cultural and economic differences between regions
1. North
a. Federal government should have more power than states
(Hamilton’s beliefs)
b. Republican Party- opposed expansion of slavery
i. Nominated Abraham Lincoln as candidate
2. South
a. States should have more power than federal government
(Jefferson’s beliefs)
b. Democratic Party- supported slavery
i. Nominated Stephen A. Douglas as candidate
b. Lincoln vs. Douglas
i. Illinois Senate Race in 1858
1. Helped people learn who Lincoln was, but he lost the Illinois Senate race
ii. Presidential Race in 1860
1. Lincoln wins and becomes president
c. The South Secedes
i. South fears that Lincoln will abolish slavery; however, he agreed to leave slavery
where it already existed
ii. South Carolina seceded (withdrew) from the Union with several other states
1. Form a new country called the Confederate States of America
2. Elect Jefferson Davis as their president
4-6.4 Summarize the significant battles, strategies, and turning points of the Civil War, including the
battles of Fort Sumter and Gettysburg, the Emancipation Proclamation, the role of African Americans in
the war, the surrender at Appomattox, and the assassination of President Lincoln.
4. Significant events of the Civil War
a. Battle of Fort Sumter
i. President Lincoln needed to resupply troops on the Charleston federal property
ii. The resupply mission was returned by Confederate fire, the Union troops fled to
Fort Sumter, President Davis ordered the Confederates to fire on Fort Sumter—
this began the Civil War
b. Strategies
i. North (offense)
1. Anaconda Plan
a. Blockade southern ports
b. Split Confederacy into two at the Mississippi River
c. Attack railroads and communication systems
d. Attack the Confederate capital of Richmond
ii. South (defense)
1. Fought most of the war in the south
2. Hoped England would lend money (south exported cotton to England)
c. Emancipation Proclamation
i. Order by President Lincoln to free slaves in all states fighting against the Union,
but Confederate states did not obey
ii. Before Emancipation Proclamation:
1. Slaves and African Americans were not allowed to go to war
iii. After Emancipation Proclamation:
1. North- African Americans could become soldiers, spies, guides, and
messengers in the Union army
2. South- some slaves and free African Americans were forced into service;
England abolished slavery thus could not support the South
d. Battle of Gettysburg
i. Confederate Army attempted to invade the north, but lacked military strength
1. Turning point in the Civil War
ii. Gettysburg Address
1. Significant speech by President Lincoln that reminded people that the
war was worth fighting for to preserve the Union (United States)
e. Surrender at Appomattox
i. After four years, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union
General Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia
f. President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
4-6.5 Explain the social, economic, and political effects of the Civil War on the United States.
5. The Civil War had ended, so the Union was preserved and slaves were freed.
a. Economic Effects of the War
i. North
1. Little devastation because war fought mostly in south
2. Manufactured goods not effected
3. Still able to use railroads and canals to transport goods
4. Union issued paper money valued
ii. South
1. Great devastation (cities burned, plantations destroyed, transportation
and communication systems in shambles)
2. Planters lost their wealth and workers
3. Blockade and destroyed railroads caused lack of food and supplies
4. Confederate issued paper money was worthless
b. Social Effects of the War
i. Women
1. During the war: worked farm/plantations (south), worked in factories
(north), nurses, secretaries, teachers, cared for families
2. Continued these roles after war because so many men died or were
injured in war
ii. African Americans
1. Some freedmen went to the north, while others stayed in the south
because it was familiar
2. Sharecroppers
3. Able to legally marry, create own communities, participate in politics, and
sought education
c. Political Effects of the War
i. Needed to recover from the devastating impact of the war and unite the country