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Transcript
The Punic Wars Carthage Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage The First Punic War Primarily a naval war Tactics: maneuver ship to ram and sink enemy Carthage: g veryy ggood, experienced p naval ppower Rome: small navy, little experience Defeated repeatedly by Carthaginian navy ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrender Finally turned tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships Would hook enemy ship, pull nearby, board it with soldiers Converted naval warfare into mini mini--land battles, something Rome was very good at The Second Punic War "Hannibal Hannibal ad portas portas" ((“Hannibal Hannibal is at the Gates! Gates!”)) Gates Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, Romans leads army from Spain, through southern France Spain and the Alps p Invades Italy from the north with elephant army Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself Settles on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base ROME WINS THE SECOND ONE Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, Africa and h d d ffor C headed Carthage th Led by patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus Hannibal H ib l forced f d to lleave Italy I l to protect Carthage Defeated at the Battle of Zama Zama, fought oug t outs outside de tthee walls a s oof Ca Carthage t age Hannibal Hannibal-the-Conqueror "I swear that so soon as age will permit . . . I will use fire and steel t arrestt th to the ddestiny ti off Rome." R " ~~Childhood Hannibal Quote Born about 247 - Died 183BC Hannibal Barca (247-183 BC) *Carthaginian general *Brilliant Brilliant strategist *Developed tactics of outflanking and surrounding the enemy with the combined forces of infantry and cavalry As a boy of 9, begged his father, Hamilcar Barca, to take him on th campaign the i iin S Spain i Hamilcar, made him solemnly swear eternal hatred of Rome. •After Hannibal’s defeat, he remained a suffete (civil magistrate) of the newly acquired Roman territory •Organized financial reforms to pay back Rome for their prosecution of war •Political P liti l enemies i accusedd him hi in i Rome R off conspiring ii with King Antiochus III of Syria •When When Romans sent commission to investigate, investigate fled Carthage and went into hiding •Hannibal Hannibal poisoned himself when threatened with being taken as a prisoner •He did so in Libyssa, Libyssa close to today today'ss Istanbul in Turkey. Turkey •Ruins of grave site near Diliskelesi, South of Gebze, 60km East of Istanbul “Let us release the R Romans from f their th i long l anxiety, since they think it too long to wait for the death of an old man.” The Third Punic War Carthage was finished after Second Punic War Hannibal committed suicide Economy shattered Lost all territory to Rome But some Romans feared it might y and challenge g revive someday Rome again Notably Cato the Elder Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map ROME WINS THE THIRD ONE Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage Wi easily Wins il Entire population of city sold into slavery Everything of value carried back to Rome Everything else burned and dumped into the sea Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again Carthage completely disappeared Review! This picture describes the _______________ Punic Wars because . . . Review! This picture describes the _______________ Punic Wars because . . . Review! This picture describes the _______________ Punic Wars because . . .