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Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift Name: ______________________ President Truman strongly feared that communism was going to spread from country to country, especially after the devastation in Europe following World War II. Hoping to prevent this spread of communism, the United States came up with a plan to revive the wartorn economies of Europe. This became known as the Marshall Plan , named after US secretary of state, George Marshall. The Marshall Plan was designed to help countries rebuild following WWII. It offered $13 billion in aid to European countries. This aid would hopefully protect democratic, CAPITALIST nations from the Soviet Union. The Marshall Plan was meant to protect these countries from “falling” to communism. The European nation in which the Cold War almost became hot was in Germany. At the end of WWII, the Allies decided to divided Germany among themselves. In 1948, the United States, Great Britain, and France wanted to rebuild Germany by forming one country called West Germany. Stalin feared that a united Germany could threaten the Soviet Union. So, Stalin took action to retaliate. Berlin , Germany’s former capital, lay within the eastern zone, still held by the Soviet Union. Like Germany, it too had been divided . East Berlin was under Soviet control. West Berlin , was held under the US, Great Britain, and France’s control. Stalin hoped to force these powers to abandon this capital city, so that it could be fully under Soviet control. Stalin closed all railroad and road traffic between West Berlin and the American, Britain, and French zones. The people of West Berlin were soon trapped with very little food, medicine, or heating fuel. Truman responded by approving a huge airlift called the Berlin airlift. This airlift sent supplies by air to West Berlin. For more than a year, American and British planes carried food, fuel, and equipment to the people of West Berlin. These planes made over 275,000 flights. In 1949, Stalin called off the blockade. By May 1949, Germany had been divided into c ommunist East Germany and democratic West Germany . Berlin Airlift Berlin Wall Created in 1961 to divide the capital city of East and West Berlin between a communist and a democratic zone. BACK → Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1) What was the goal of the Marshall Plan? And how did it plan on achieving this goal? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) A. Pretend circle A below represents Germany. I want you to draw a visual inside the circle to show how the country was divided at the end of WWII between the capitalist nations (US, France, and Great Britain) and communist, Soviet Union. B. Pretend circle B represents the city of Berlin in East Germany. Draw a sketch inside the circle to show how this city was divided. 3) How did Truman respond to the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and did his initiative succeed? _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ BACK → 4) Define the Berlin Airlift : Create a sketch to represent the Berlin Airlift
