Download Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e

Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Marieb)
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions
Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: E
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
2) The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: A
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
1
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3) The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: C
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: B
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
5) The bundle branches are indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: D
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
6) The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.
A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium
Answer: D
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
7) The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.
A) left atrioventricular groove
B) interatrial septum
C) interventricular septum
D) right atrioventricular groove
Answer: C
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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8) The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and
is oriented toward the left hip.
A) base
B) mediastinum
C) apex
D) pericardium
Answer: C
Page Ref: 357
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
9) The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) fibrous pericardium
D) endocardium
Answer: A
Page Ref: 358
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
10) The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two
inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
A) ventricles; atria
B) atria; ventricles
C) arteries; veins
D) veins; arteries
Answer: B
Page Ref: 358
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
11) The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.
A) pulmonary
B) atrioventricular (AV)
C) aortic
D) semilunar
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
12) Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360, 373
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
3
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13) The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left
side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.
A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) pulmonary
D) coronary
Answer: C
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
14) The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the
ventricles are called the ________.
A) chordae tendineae
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) myocardium
Answer: A
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
15) Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta
called ________.
A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) coronary arteries
D) venae cavae
Answer: C
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
16) The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more
powerful systemic pump of the heart.
A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360, 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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17) The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve.
A) mitral
B) pulmonary
C) semilunar
D) aortic
Answer: A
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
18) When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.
A) relax
B) open
C) contract
D) dilate
Answer: C
Page Ref: 361, 362
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
19) The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side
of the heart known as the ________.
A) pulmonary vein
B) inferior vena cava
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus
Answer: D
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
20) The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.
A) pacemaker
B) pericardial cavity
C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
D) auricle
Answer: A
Page Ref: 364, 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
21) The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 0.8
D) 0.3
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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22) The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is
the ________ wave.
A) QRS
B) T
C) P
D) S-T
Answer: C
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
23) The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
A) semilunar
B) pulmonary
C) atrioventricular (AV)
D) aortic
Answer: C
Page Ref: 366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
24) The term that means heart contraction is ________.
A) diastole
B) tachycardia
C) systole
D) fibrillation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
25) During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.
A) ventricles
B) lungs
C) aorta
D) pulmonary trunk
Answer: A
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
26) The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 105
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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27) The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________.
A) heart rate (HR)
B) stroke volume (SV)
C) cardiac output (CO)
D) blood pressure (BP)
Answer: B
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
28) The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and
causes the ________.
A) heart rate to decrease
B) heart rate to increase, then decrease
C) heart rate to increase
D) blood pressure to increase
Answer: A
Page Ref: 369
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
29) Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.
A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
D) venae cavae
Answer: A
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
30) Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and
elastic fibers.
A) intima
B) externa
C) media
D) adventitia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
31) Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this
rule are the ________ arteries and veins.
A) systemic
B) hepatic
C) coronary
D) pulmonary
Answer: D
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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32) Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ________.
A) venules
B) venae cavae
C) arterioles
D) arteries
Answer: A
Page Ref: 370, 383
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
33) Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
A) tunics
B) sphincters
C) valves
D) shunts
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
34) The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.
A) pulmonary circulation
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) systemic circulation
D) microcirculation
Answer: D
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
35) The largest artery in the body is the ________.
A) brachiocephalic artery
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) common carotid artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 373
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
36) The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________.
A) ovaries
B) kidneys
C) testes
D) lungs
Answer: B
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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37) The longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ________.
A) femoral veins
B) great saphenous veins
C) venae cavae
D) anterior and posterior tibial veins
Answer: B
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
38) Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right
atrium of the heart.
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) common iliac vein
D) great saphenous vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
39) The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the
________.
A) hepatic vein
B) hepatic portal vein
C) renal vein
D) inferior vena cava
Answer: B
Page Ref: 376, 379
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
40) Branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ________, travel through the neck
into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of
Willis) with blood.
A) external carotid arteries
B) internal carotid arteries
C) brachiocephalic trunk
D) subclavian arteries
Answer: B
Page Ref: 374, 378
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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41) The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.
A) hepatic portal vein
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical artery
Answer: B
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
42) The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted
directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) foramen ovale
Answer: D
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
43) The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration
than interstitial fluid is known as ________.
A) blood pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 390
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
44) The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left
ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.
A) cardiac output
B) pulse
C) pressure point
D) stroke volume
Answer: B
Page Ref: 382
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
45) The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________.
A) vasodilation
B) diastole
C) vasoconstriction
D) systole
Answer: C
Page Ref: 385
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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46) Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as
________.
A) hypertension (high blood pressure)
B) orthostatic hypotension
C) circulatory shock
D) myocardial infarction
Answer: A
Page Ref: 386
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
47) Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw
fluid into the capillary bed.
A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure
B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure
C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure
D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure
Answer: B
Page Ref: 390
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
11.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions
1) The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.
A) mediastinum
B) hiatus
C) pleural cavity
D) hilus
E) diaphragm
Answer: A
Page Ref: 357
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
2) The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is
________.
A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
E) either endocardium or epicardium
Answer: C
Page Ref: 358
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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3) Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
A) body
B) digestive organs
C) skin
D) lungs
E) brain
Answer: D
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
4) The left atrium receives blood from the ________.
A) pulmonary arteries
B) superior vena cava
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins
E) inferior vena cava
Answer: D
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
5) Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
A) oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) oxygenated blood to the heart
D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
6) What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium?
A) interventricular septum
B) interatrial septum
C) bicuspid valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) chordae tendineae
Answer: B
Page Ref: 358
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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7) When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from
the ________.
A) right ventricle to the right atrium
B) left ventricle to the left atrium
C) left atrium to the right atrium
D) right atrium to the left atrium
E) left ventricle to the right ventricle
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
8) The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.
A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D) left ventricle and aorta
E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
9) What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?
A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) fossa ovalis
C) chordae tendineae
D) interatrial septum
E) coronary sulcus
Answer: C
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
10) Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary artery
E) pulmonary vein
Answer: E
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
13
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11) Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
A) mitral valve
B) aortic semilunar valve
C) bicuspid valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) tricuspid valve
Answer: B
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
12) Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?
A) circumflex and marginal arteries
B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries
D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries
Answer: D
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
13) The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.
A) aorta
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) interventricular septum
Answer: B
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
14) Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in
the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of
His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA)
node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV)
node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV)
node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of
His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Answer: E
Page Ref: 364-365
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
14
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15) Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the
heart?
A) coronary sulcus
B) coronary artery
C) coronary sinus
D) circumflex artery
E) pulmonary vein
Answer: C
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
16) Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole?
A) atrioventricular valves close
B) heart is relaxed
C) blood rushes out of the ventricles
D) pressure in ventricles rises
E) semilunar valves open
Answer: B
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
17) The mitral valve is normally closed ________.
A) when the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) when the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle
E) when the ventricle is relaxed
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361, 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
18) A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has
a cardiac output of ________.
A) 4500 mL/minute
B) 1.25 mL/minute
C) 0.8 mL/minute
D) 6000 mL/minute
E) 120 mL/minute
Answer: A
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 3) Application
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19) The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
A) opening of the heart valves
B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
C) blood rushing through the chambers
D) closure of heart valves
E) contraction of the heart
Answer: D
Page Ref: 366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
20) The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the
________.
A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
21) The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.
A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Answer: E
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
22) You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a
problem with the ________.
A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) left bundle branch
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
E) sinoatrial (SA) node
Answer: E
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 3) Application
16
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23) Which of the following increases heart rate?
A) low levels of calcium
B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
C) vagus nerve stimulation
D) cold
E) epinephrine
Answer: E
Page Ref: 368
Bloom's: 3) Application
24) Veins ________.
A) carry blood away from the heart
B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
C) transport oxygen-rich blood
D) operate under high pressure
E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Answer: E
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
25) Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) venules
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
26) The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are
________.
A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
Answer: C
Page Ref: 370-371
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
17
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27) Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?
A) right subclavian artery
B) left internal carotid artery
C) right pulmonary artery
D) left brachiocephalic artery
E) right and left coronary arteries
Answer: E
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
28) Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
A) brachiocephalic artery
B) left subclavian artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right common carotid artery
E) thoracic aorta
Answer: D
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
29) Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?
A) splenic artery
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac artery
D) femoral artery
E) hepatic artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
30) Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left
arm?
A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery
B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery
C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries
E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
18
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31) The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.
A) armpit
B) groin
C) neck
D) abdomen
E) leg
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
32) Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?
A) brachiocephalic vein
B) renal vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) common iliac vein
E) great saphenous vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
33) The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________.
A) femoral vein
B) common iliac vein
C) superior vena cava
D) hepatic portal vein
E) external iliac vein
Answer: B
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
34) What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?
A) liver
B) kidney
C) pancreas
D) large intestine
E) brain
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
19
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35) The brachial vein ________.
A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena
cava
C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein
D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava
E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
36) The umbilical vein carries ________.
A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta
B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus
C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta
D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava
Answer: D
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
37) Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left
atrium?
A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) umbilical vein
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus arteriosus
E) ductus venosus
Answer: C
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
38) Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?
A) renal artery
B) radial artery
C) facial artery
D) dorsalis pedis artery
E) posterior tibial artery
Answer: A
Page Ref: 382
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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39) Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?
A) veins
B) capillaries
C) venae cavae
D) arteries
E) arterioles
Answer: C
Page Ref: 383
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
40) The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.
A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) peripheral resistance
D) blood pressure
E) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 384
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
41) What is the effect of parasympathetic nervous system control on the vascular system?
A) little to no effect
B) heart rate increases
C) blood pressure increases
D) vasoconstriction
E) epinephrine release brings about many changes
Answer: A
Page Ref: 384
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
42) Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney in order
to increase blood pressure and blood volume?
A) glucagon
B) thyroxine
C) epinephrine
D) aldosterone
E) antidiuretic hormone
Answer: D
Page Ref: 386
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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43) Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling
across a capillary wall?
A) intercellular clefts
B) diffusion
C) endocytosis or exocytosis
D) desmosomes
E) fenestrated capillaries
Answer: D
Page Ref: 389
Bloom's: 3) Application
44) Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because
________.
A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venule end of the capillary
C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
D) blood pressure is higher at the venule end of the capillary
E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
Answer: C
Page Ref: 390
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
45) Coronary artery disease results from ________.
A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart
B) the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart
D) incompetent venous valves
E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions
Answer: B
Page Ref: 392
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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11.3 True/False Questions
1) The fibrous pericardium is superficial to the serous pericardium surrounding the heart.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 357
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
2) Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
3) The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
4) The alternate name for the bicuspid valve is the mitral valve.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
5) The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are
contracting.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 362-363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
6) The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
7) During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries
connected to the heart.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
8) The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the
ventricles contract.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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9) The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly supplies the walls of the
ventricles is the Purkinje fibers.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
10) The QRS wave on an electrocardiogram is representative of ventricular repolarization.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
11) The average heart beats approximately 75 times each minute at rest.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
12) During ventricular diastole, the bicuspid and tricuspid (mitral)valves are closed.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
13) Cardiac output is the product of the stroke volume and the systolic blood pressure.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
14) Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 368
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
15) An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 368
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
16) Arteries branch into smaller vessels known as arterioles.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
17) Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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18) Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
19) When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the
tissue cells.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 372-373
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
20) The portion of the aorta in the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the thoracic aorta.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 373-374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
21) The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid
artery, and the left subclavian artery.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 374
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
22) The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
23) The common iliac vein drains blood into the inferior vena cava.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
24) The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 374, 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
25) The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 379
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
26) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 376, 379
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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27) The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior
mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 379
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
28) The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
29) In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the
foramen ovale.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
30) Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 383
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
31) Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena
cavae.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 383
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
32) Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 386
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
33) Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus
prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 390
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
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11.4 Matching Questions
Match the following:
A) left ventricle
B) left atrium
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle
1) Heart chamber with the thickest wall
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
2) Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart
Page Ref: 358
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
3) Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
Page Ref: 360, 362
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
4) Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
5) Roof of this chamber contains the bicuspid valve
Page Ref: 362
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
6) The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
Page Ref: 363
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
7) The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
8) The fossa ovalis is visible in this chamber
Page Ref: 360, 380
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
Answers: 1) A 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) B 8) C
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Match the following:
A) T wave
B) QRS wave
C) P wave
9) Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
10) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
11) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
12) Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node
Page Ref: 367
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) A 12) C
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Match the following:
A) systole
B) diastole
13) Semilunar valves are forced open as pressure in the heart rises
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
14) Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
15) Ventricular relaxation
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
16) Pressure in the heart is low
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
17) Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
18) Ventricular contraction
Page Ref: 365-366
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
Answers: 13) A 14) A 15) B 16) B 17) A 18) A
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Match the following:
A) capillaries
B) arteries
C) veins
19) These vessels carry blood away from the heart
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
20) These vessels return blood to the heart
Page Ref: 370
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
21) Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels
Page Ref: 374, 376
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
22) The aorta is classified as one of these vessels
Page Ref: 373
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
23) These vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media
Page Ref: 371
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
24) Nutrient and gas exchange occur in these vessels
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
25) Blood pressure in these vessels is low or even negative
Page Ref: 383
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
26) These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood
Page Ref: 360
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
27) Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
28) Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 1) Knowledge
Answers: 19) B 20) C 21) C 22) B 23) B 24) A 25) C 26) C 27) C 28) A
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11.5 Essay Questions
1) Trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium,
through the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. Identify the chambers,
valves, and vessels (except specific systemic blood vessels that are not directly associated with
the heart), and indicate whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in each area.
Answer: Deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary
tricuspid valve, deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood through the
pulmonary semilunar valve, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary trunk, deoxygenated blood in
the right and left pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary capillaries in the
lungs, oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood in the left atrium, oxygenated
blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve, oxygenated blood in the left ventricle, oxygenated
blood through the aortic semilunar valve, oxygenated blood in the aorta, oxygenated blood in the
systemic arteries, oxygenated blood in the systemic arterioles, oxygenated blood in the systemic
capillaries, deoxygenated blood in the systemic venules, deoxygenated blood in the systemic
veins, deoxygenated blood in the superior and inferior vena cava, deoxygenated blood in the
right atrium.
Page Ref: 358, 360
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
2) Identify the five major parts of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart in their normal
order, beginning with the pacemaker.
Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium, atrioventricular (AV) node at the junction of
the atria and ventricles, atrioventricular (AV) bundle or bundle of His in the interventricular
septum, right and left bundle branches in the interventricular septum, Purkinje fibers in the
muscle of the ventricle walls.
Page Ref: 364-365
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
3) Amanda is exercising and noticed her heart rate has nearly doubled from her resting heart rate
of 68 beats per minute. Explain what effects her increased heart rate will have on cardiac output
and stroke volume, if any.
Answer: Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV).
When heart rate increases, as is the case for Amanda since she is exercising, both stroke volume
and cardiac output will also increase. Exercise is a physical factor that leads to these increases.
Page Ref: 367, 368
Bloom's: 3) Application
4) Describe how arteries, capillaries and veins are structurally different.
Answer: Arterial walls are thicker, heavier, stronger, and stretchy enough to handle expansion
and recoil as blood under high pressure is transported. Veins have thinner walls; these vessels
operate under low or even negative pressure. The lumens of veins are larger than those of
corresponding arteries. Veins also have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Capillaries are
composed of only the tunica intima and are only one cell layer thick.
Page Ref: 372
Bloom's: 4) Analysis
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5) Explain the role of valves in heart functioning.
Answer: Valves allow blood to flow in one direction through the heart chambers (from atria to
ventricles) and out the two arteries leaving the heart.
There are two types of valves found in the heart:
1. The atrioventricular, or AV, valves are located between the atrium and ventricle on each side
of the heart. These valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the heart contracts.
In summary, these AV valves are open during heart relaxation and closed during heart
contraction.
2. The semilunar valves guard the base of the two large arteries, aorta and pulmonary trunk,
leaving the heart via the two ventricles. These valves close after blood has passed through the
arteries on its way out of the heart. They prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles from
the arteries. In summary, these valves are closed during heart relaxation and open during heart
contraction.
Page Ref: 361
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
6) Name two shunts that bypass the lungs in a fetus. Briefly explain the structures these shunts
connect.
Answer:
1. The foramen ovale is a opening between the right atrium and the left atrium of the fetal heart.
Some of the blood entering the right atrium flows directly into the left atrium, bypassing
pulmonary circulation.
2. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Blood that
happens to enter the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary trunk, supposedly on its way to
the lungs. However, that blood is transported from the pulmonary trunk through ductus arteriosus
into the aorta.
Page Ref: 380
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
7) Describe the two types of pressures controlling fluid movement in a capillary bed. Explain the
role of each pressure in fluid movement.
Answer: Blood pressure forces fluids and solutes out of capillaries while osmotic pressure pulls
fluid back into capillaries. Osmotic pressure is created by plasma proteins in the blood. At the
arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, so fluids and solutes
are pushed out of the capillary and into the interstitial space. As fluid is forced out of the
capillary, blood pressure drops. Therefore, at the venous end of the capillary, osmotic pressure is
higher than blood pressure so fluid is pulled back into the capillary from the interstitial space at
the venous end.
Page Ref: 390
Bloom's: 2) Comprehension
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