Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Articles of Confederation Fact Sheet PURPOSE • Form a permanent union of the 13 states. • Recognition by European nations. • Stabilize prices & currency. DATES • Adopted – 15 Nov 1777 at York Town. • Printed copies sent to states for approval 28 Nov 1777 from York Town. • Signed 9 Jul 1778 at Philadelphia. • Ratified by Maryland (last state) 1 Mar 1781 Article I [name] “United States of America” Article II Each state retains sovereignty & rights not expressly delegated to Congress. Article III League of friendship between states – defense & assistance. Article IV Mutual Privileges to citizens of other states. Extradition of criminals between states. Article V State delegates meet first Monday of each November. Each state 2-7 members, term limits outlined. Each state one vote Article VI States cannot make separate treaties Provides for state militias. States cannot go to war separately (exceptions for sudden Indian or pirate attacks). Article VII Officers of Colonel and below appointed by state legislatures Article VIII War expenses (common defense) from common treasury provided by taxes based on property valuation in each state. Article IX Congressional powers - Determine peace or war. - Send/receive ambassadors. - Enter into treaties and alliances. - Establish rules of capture, division of prizes, grant letters of marque and reprisal, appoint courts for crimes on high seas, establish courts for capture appeals. - Act as court of last resort in disputes between states. - Regulate coinage. - Fix standard weights and measures. WRITTEN BY • John Dickinson of Delaware (head of committee). • Committee started work 7 Jun 1776. • Based on Benjamin Franklin's 1775 plan for union. - Regulate trade with and manage affairs with Indians. - Establish and regulate post offices and exact postage fees. - Appoint military officers above regimental level and make rules for forces and operations. - Appoint committee and officers, including President, to manage general affairs of the United States during congressional recess. - Ascertain, appropriate and apply money for public expenses. - Borrow money, emit bills on U. S. credit. - Requisition forces from each state, based on number of white inhabitants, to be raised, clothed, equipped, and dispatched by each state legislature. - Actions of Congress must be approved by 9 of 13 states on major actions (war, treaties, coin, credit) majority on all others. - Congress can adjourn to any place or time, but for no longer than 6 months. - Congress will publish Journal of proceedings monthly, except for necessary secrecy concerning treaties, alliances, or military operations. Article X Committee of states can execute powers during recess except those requiring 9/13 approval. Article XI Canada entitled to advantages by acceding to confederation, but no other colony unless agreed upon by 9 of 13 states. Article XII Assumption of debt taken on by Congress before confederation Article XIII Each state shall abide by and observe this confederation and perpetual union. Any alteration must be agreed to by Congress and confirmed by every state legislature. • Conclusion provides for ratification and confirmation by representatives of state legislatures and pledge to abide by decisions of Congress. • Signed and dated at Philadelphia 9 July 1778. EXCERPTS FROM THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Article II. Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power...which is not by the confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. Article V. No States shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor more than seven members... In determining questions in the United States, in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. Article VIII. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare...shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States, in proportion to the value of land within each State... The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the Legislatures of the several States... Article IX. The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences...between two or more States... Article IX. The United States in Congress shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and the value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States. Article XIII. ...nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of (these articles); unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every state.