Download Name of alkane Chemical formula Displayed formula Methane CH4

Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
Hydrocarbons:
A hydrocarbon is a compound made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY.
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that have single covalent bond ONLY; you can work out
how many carbon atoms there should be in an alkane if you know how many
hydrogen atoms there are and vice-versa using this formula:
CnH 2n+2
(The number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms plus 2)
Name of alkane
Methane
Chemical formula
CH 4
Ethane
C2H6
Propane
C3H8
Butane
C 4 H 10
Displayed formula
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have a double covalent bond between carbon
atoms (this will look like this is chemical formula: C=C). Double bonds involve the
sharing of two pairs of electrons. You can also work out how many carbon atoms
there should be in an alkene if you know how many hydrogen atoms there are and
vice-versa using this formula:
C n H 2n
(The number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms)
Name of alkene
Ethene
Chemical formula
C4H4
Propene
C3H6
Butene
C4H8
Displayed formula
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
You can test for alkene presence using bromine water; once added to the solution,
the bromine water which is orange, should turn colourless. This happens because
the alkene and the bromine form a new compound by an addition reaction called
a dibromo compound which is colourless.
A saturated compound is one that only has single covalent bonds between carbon
atoms; alkanes are examples of saturated compounds.
An unsaturated compound is one that has at least one double covalent bond
between carbon atoms. Alkenes are examples of unsaturated compounds.
Polymerisation:
Additional polymerisation is the process where lots of monomer alkene monomers
react to give a polymer. The reaction needs a high temperature and a catalyst.
The displayed formula for an ethene monomer is
left. In polymerisation the double bond is broken
and each of the two carbon atoms forms a new
bond – a long chain is formed. This is poly(ethene)
which is to the right. The ‘n’ represents how many
times the pattern should be repeated.
Additional polymerisation involves the reaction of many unsaturated monomer
molecules to form a saturated polymer.
You should be able to draw the displayed formula of a polymer when given the
monomer and vice-versa.
Another example of polymerisation is that of propene:
The monomer is unsaturated and a hydrocarbon. During polymerisation, the double
bond breaks and each of the two carbon atoms forms a new bond which can be
bonded to more monomers.
TIP – look for the pattern of repetition every two carbon atoms.
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
Past Papers:
PPQ(1):
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(2):
PPQ(3):
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(4):
PPQ(5):
Continued on next page...
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(6):
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(7):
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
Mark Schemes:
PPQ(1):
PPQ(2):
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(3):
PPQ(4):
PPQ(5):
PPQ(6):
On next page...
Making Polymers – Revision Pack (C1)
PPQ(7):