Download Robert Fulton (1765-1815) – developer of the first

History Initiative: Industrial Revolution and Age of Reform
Terms:
Factory system – a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building.
Lowell Mills – textile mills located in the factory town of Lowell, Massachusetts, founded in 1826.
Interchangeable parts – a part that is exactly like another part.
Cotton gin – a machine invented in 1793 that cleaned cotton much faster and far more efficiently than human workers.
Suffrage – the right to vote.
Prejudice – a negative opinion that is not based on facts.
Hudson River School – a group of artists living in the Hudson River Valley in New York.
Romanticism – a European artistic movement that stressed the individual, imagination, creativity, and emotion.
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Transcendentalism – a 19 century philosophy that taught the spiritual world is more important than the physical world and that
people can find truth within themselves through feeling and intuition.
Civil disobedience – peacefully refusing to obey laws one considers unjust.
Revival – a meeting designed to reawaken religious faith.
Labor Union – a group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions.
Strike – to stop work to demand better working conditions.
Underground Railroad – a series of escape routes used by slaves escaping the South.
Ideas:
Free enterprise – freedom of private business to operate without government control.
Manifest Destiny – the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Pacific Ocean.
Abolition – the movement to end slavery.
People:
Eli Whitney (1765-1825) - Inventor of the cotton gin (1793) and later the process of interchangeable parts (1798).
Robert Fulton (1765-1815) – developer of the first commercially successful steamboat, the Clermont.
Samuel F. B. Morse (1791-1872) – inventor of the telegraph and co-inventor of the Morse Code.
Cyrus McCormick(1809–1884) – inventor of the McCormick reaper, a grain harvesting machine.
Frederick Douglass (1817? -1895) - African-American leader in the abolitionist movement. He founded the North Star, an antislavery
newspaper, in Rochester, N.Y. in 1847. His home was a station on the Underground Railroad. He helped recruit African-American
soldiers for the Union army and conferred with President Lincoln on slavery many times.
Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) - an American author, poet, abolitionist, naturalist, historian, philosopher, and leading
transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil
Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
Horace Mann (1796 – 1859) – “Father of Public Education”, he believed universal public education was the best way to turn the
nation's unruly children into disciplined, judicious republican citizens.
Dorothea Dix (1802 – 1887) - an American reformer for the insane who, through lobbying state legislatures and the United States
Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as Superintendent of Army
Nurses.
Frederick Douglass (1818 – 1895) - an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he
became a leader of the abolitionist movement.
Sojourner Truth (c. 1797 – 1883) – former slave, abolitionist, and women's rights activist.
Harriet Tubman (1822-1913) – an escaped slave, abolitionist, and Union spy during the Civil War. After escaping from slavery, she
made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the Underground Railroad.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) - an abolitionist and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of
Sentiments, presented at the Seneca Falls Convention, was the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in
the United States.
Susan B. Anthony (1820 – 1906) - a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's
rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.
Events:
1730s – 1740s - Great Awakening – a revival of religious feeling in the American colonies.
1790s – early 1800s - Second Great Awakening – the renewal of religious faith in the 1790s and early 1800s.
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Late 18 century - Industrial Revolution – in Britain, factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced
farming as the main form of work.
1825 - Erie Canal – man-made waterway that connected New York City and Buffalo, New York.
July 19-20, 1848 - Seneca Falls Convention – women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York.
Temperance Movement – a campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol.