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TOPIC 24
Nucleus 1 What are isotopes?
A
B
C
D
E
atoms which are radioactive
atoms with too many neutrons
atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
atoms of the same element with different numbers of
protons
atoms which have gained or lost an electron
J90/J/39
A
B
C
D
E
J9111137
Nct.
How many neutrons and protons does each nucleus contain?
.neutrons
protons
17
17
18
18
35
18
35
17
35
17
28
27
24
24
22
20
14
14
12
13
12
10
11
10
10
Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element?
A
B
C
U and V
VandY
WandX
D
E
WandY
YandZ
N93/J/39
8 The neutral atoms of all isotopes of the same element contain
N911I140
the same numbers of
A
B
C
D
4 An atom of an element has a nucleus surrounded by
particles.
Which of the following gives its structure?
nucleus
surrounded by
electrons and protons
electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons
electrons
protons
neutrons
protons
electrons
protons and neutrons
electrons and neutrons
J92/1/39
symbol ~~Co.
A
B
C
D
10
What is the structure of a neutral atom of cobalt?
number of
electrons
number of
protons
number of
neutrons
27
27
32
59
59
27
59
27
27
32
32
32
59
32
27
electrons and of protons. electrons and of neutrons. neutrons. neutrons and of protons.
J94/1/40 9 What are isotopes?
5 A nucleus of the element cobalt may be represented by the
A
B
C
D
E
14
13
12
V
W
X
Y
Z
E
2He
7 ·
3 LI
J931I140
number ofprotons number of neutrons nucleon number
U
D
4
3 A nuclide is represented by
A
B
C
D
E
same
more
same
fewer
more
atom
A :H
A
B
C
D
E
electrons
more
same
more
more
fewer
table shows the composition of the nuclei of some
atoms.
and protons?
C
neutrons
more
more
same
same
same
7 The
2 Which of the following nuclides has equal numbers ofneutrons
B
protons
atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
atoms of the same element with different numbers of
protons
atoms which are radioactive
atoms which have gained or lost an electron
N94/1/40
Three nuclei X, Y and Z have proton numbers and nucleon
numbers as shown.
proton number
nucleon number
X
43
93
Y
43
94
Z
44
94
J92/1/40
Which nuclei are isotopes of the same element?
6
2
3
Deuterium, IH, and tritium, IH, are two isotopes of
hydrogen.
Compared to a deuterium atom, how many protons, neutrons
and electrons does a tritium atom have?
24
Nucleus 226
A
B
C
D
X and Yonly
X and Z only
Y and Z only
X, YandZ
J95/J/39
'0' Physics Topical Paper
11
A neutral atom consists of seventeen electrons, seventeen
protons and eighteen neutrons.
16 A nucleus is represented by the symbol ~~ X.
What does the nucleus contain?
What is its nucleon number (mass number)?
A 17
B 34
12
C
D
35
52
N951I139
37
37
37
37
electrons and 44 neutrons
neutrons and 81 protons
protons and 44 neutrons
protons and 81 neutrons
N98/I/38
How many neutrons and protons does one atom of substance
~ X have in its nucleus?
17 The symbol for one isotope of uranium is 2~~ U.
number ofneutrons
number ofprotons
A
Z
A-Z
Z-A
Z
A
Z
A
A
B
C
How many neutrons, protons and electrons are there in a
neutral atom of this isotope?
J9611140
A
The table shows a student's ideas of the possible structure
of the calcium atom.
B
C
D
D
13
A
B
C
D
structure
U
V
W
X
y
Z
in nucleus
20
20
20
20
20
20
protons
protons
neutrons
protons
neutrons
protons
20
20
20
24
24
24
in orbit
neutrons
electrons
electrons
neutrons
electrons
neutrons
number of
neutrons
number of
protons
number of
electrons
92
92
141
141
92
141
92
92
141
141
92
141
J991I137
18 The
table shows the composition of the nuclei of three
nuclides, X, Y and Z.
20 electrons
20 neutrons
20 protons
20 electrons
20 protons
24 electrons
nuclide
number of protons number of neutrons
X
Y
Z
12
12
13
12
13
13
Which nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
Which structures could be neutral atoms?
A
U and X
B
U and Z
C
D
A
Wand Y
X and Z
B
J971I139
XandYonly
X and Z only
C
D
Y and Zonly
X, Y and Z
N99/II38
19 Isotopes of an element contain the same number of
14 The diagram shows the structure of an atom of lithium (Li).
A
B
atoms.
neutrons.
C
D
nucleons. protons.
J2oo0/II37 key
e=electron
p = proton
n =neutron
20 The nueleus of a uranium atom is represented by
2~ U.
(a) What is
(i) the mass number,
(ii) the atomic number,
of this nucleus?
What is the nuclide notation of this atom?
A
~Li
B
15
C ~Li
D
jLi
(b) How many protons are there in the nueleus?
(c)
J98/I/37
How many of these particles are there in this nucleus?
Atom Q is an isotope of atom P.
(d) This nucleus is radioactive. Describe briefly how it
How does the composition of neutral atom Q compare with
.
neutral atom P?
A
B
C
D
24
could be established that a-particles are emitted.
(e) There is a heavier isotope of uranium. What can you
number of
protons
number of
neutrons
number of
electrons
different
different
same
same
different
same
different
same
different
same
same
different
J98/II38
Nucleus Name the other particles in the nucleus.
say concerning the atomic number and mass number of
this isotope?
J80lIII15
21
227
A carbon nuclide can be described by the notation
this notation,
I: C. In
(a) what information does the number 6 convey,
'0' Physics Topical Paper
(b) what information does the number 14 convey? N8MIl4 22 A
particular nuclide of tin has atomic number 50 and mass
number 118.
(a) How many electrons
are there outside the nucleus in a neutml atom of tin? (b) How many neutrons are there in the nucleus?
(e) How many protons are there in the nucleus?
Suggest possible values for the atomic number and mass
N821I/14
number of one isotope of this tin nuclide. 23
235 U
92
'
" an Isotope 0 f
IS
ummum.
(a) What quantity is the same for the nuclei of all isotopes [I] of uranium?
(b) In each nucleus of
~\J, how many
(i) protons,
(ii) neutrons,
are there? [2] N97JIU8 24
112
SO S'
n IS
.
a stabl'
e ISOtOpe 0 f tm.
What information does the symbol 1~~ Sn give us about the
isotope? [2]
N9411U8
25 A chlorine atom, proton number 17, can gain an electron and
become a chlorine ion. A sodium atom, proton number 11,
can lose an electron and become a sodium ion.
(a) What is the sign of the charge on
(i) a chlorine ion,
(ii) a sodium ion?
Explain how you arrived at your answers.
ANSWERS
Sign of charge on a chlorine ion ................................... . (b)
Sign of charge on a sodium ion ................................. [3]
1.
C
2.
B
3.
C
4.
How many electrons are contained in 6.
C
7.
E
8.
A
(i) a chlorine ion,
II. C
12. C
9. A
14. D
16. C
17. C
(i) 218
(ii) a sodium ion?
20. (a)
A chlorine ion contains ............................ electrons. A
10. A
IS. C
5.
18. C
19. D
(ii) 92
(b) 92
A sodium ion contains .............................. electrons.[2]
N95IIU8
(c)
22.
neutrons ; 126 (a) 50
(c) 23. (a)
(b) 25. (a)
(b) 68 50; A = 117, 119 etc, Z = 50
Protons
(i)
92 protons
(ii) 143 neutrons.
(i) - (negative)
(ii) + (positive)
(b) (i)
24 Nucleus
13. A
C
228
18 electrons
(ii)
10 electrons
'0' Physics Topical Paper