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Africa – the political view
RS
G IE
AL
MOROCCO
Agadir
Béchar
ALGERIA
Adrar
GHANA
D'IVOIRE
M
É
O-
OV
N
Political
O
SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE
City Inhabitants
Lagos
Johannesburg
Casablanca
Aswân
Lubango
Bondo
ABUJA
10-20m
5-10m
1-5m
250,000 - 1,000,000
100,000 - 250,000
CA
RT
Abidjan ACCRA
ABUJA
Lagos
PO
LIBERIA
LO
MONROVIA
NIGERIA
Ibadan
SÃO TOMÉ
MALABO
M
International boundary
State boundary
BANGUI
EQUATORIAL
GUINEA
LIBREVILLE
GABON
CABINDA
(Ang.)
Matadi
LUANDA
Gonder
Wau
DJIBOUTI
Berbera
ADDIS
ABABA
SOUTH
SUDAN
ETHIOPIA
JUBA
Bondo
UGANDA
Kisangani KAMPALA
Mbandaka
KINSHASA
Kananga
Kismaayo
NAIROBI
Mombasa
TANZANIA
MbujiMaya
MOGADISHU
KENYA
DEM. REP.
RWANDA
OF THE KIGALI BUJUMBURA
CONGO BURUNDI
DODOMA
VICTORIA
SEYCHELLES
Dar es Salaam
Malanje
ANGOLA
Lobito
Huambo
Mongu
Lubango
Kitwe
LUSAKA
Walvis Bay
Keetmanshoop
LILONGWE
Nampula
HARARE
Antalaha
Blantyre
Maevatanana
ANTANANARIVO
Bulawayo
BOTSWANA
PRETORIA/
TSHWANE
GABORONE
SOUTH
AFRICA
MADAGASCAR
Beira
Morombe
MOZAMBIQUE
Johannesburg
Antsira!ana
Mahajanga
ZIMBABWE
BLOEMFONTEIN
CAPE TOWN
MORONI
MALAWI
Ndola
Z A M BI A
NAMIBIA
WINDHOEK
COMOROS
Lubumbashi
Luena
Disputed/Undefined boundary
Map of tectonic plates
Massawa
DJIBOUTI
Bumba
BRAZZAVILLE
Namibe
ASMARA
Nyala
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
YAOUNDÉ
Less than 100,000
National capitals are shown in CAPS.
ERITREA
Maiduguri
O
SIERRA LEONE
Tamale
CÔTE
YAMOUSSOUKRO
Port
Sudan
N
CONAKRY
FREETOWN
Kano
CO
NG
FASO
GUINEA
NDJAMENA
OO
U
BENIN
TOGO
GUINEA-BIS S A
KHARTOUM
Abéché
Maradi
OUAGADOUGOU
UDAN
SOmdurman
CHAD
ER
BISSAU
NIAMEY
BURKINA
Aswân
Faya
Agadez
Mopti
BAMAKO
Al Uqsur
W‹dfi $alf‹
Delgo
Kareimo
N I G E R
Bourem
As Suways
EGYPT
Bilma
M A L I
Tombouctou
GA
L
CAIRO
Al Kufrah
Toummo
Tamanrasset
Taoudenni
MAURITANIA
BANJUL
B’r Sa’&d
Al Iskandar&yah
Gh‹t
NOUAKCHOTT
THE GAMBIA
˛ubruq
Sabh‹
Fdérik
CAPE VERDE
Bangh‹z&
Sirte
LIBYA
In Salah
WESTERN
SAHARA
DAKAR SENE
TRIPOLI
Mi¿r‹tah
Laayoune
PRAIA
TUNISIA
Touggourt
IA
Meknès
Marrakech
AL
Oran
Fès
RABAT
Casablanca
TUNIS
Constantine
SO
M
Tanger
PORT LOUIS
MAURITIUS
Fianarantsoa
Toliara
MAPUTO
A MBABANE
M B SWAZILAND
LOB A
MASERU
LESOTHO Durban
East London
Port Elizabeth
Above: Political map of Africa. At this scale, national boundaries are only
indicative. Political boundaries are only indicative. (LJ);
Inset: Map showing the extent of the African plate and associated tectonic
elements. (USGS);
Below: A map of the major river basins of Africa. Many river basins have no
outlet to the sea. (JRC)
From a geological perspective, the African tectonic plate is
significantly larger than the visible continental land mass (see inset
above). Originally the Arabian plate was part of the African plate
but it is now separated by the Red Sea Rift. Red arrows on the
map indicate the current direction of tectonic movement. The
northward collision of the African plate with the Eurasian plate is
responsible for the formation of the Alps, volcanoes in Italy and
earthquakes in southern Eurasia.
For the purposes of this atlas, soil information is provided for the
entire continental land mass of Africa and all islands located on
the African plate (see map spreads on pages 80-127 and summary
texts on pages 158-161). This includes Malta, parts of France
(Réunion, Mayotte and a small number of uninhabited islands
around Madagascar), Italy (Lampedusa and Lampione), Portugal
(Madeira and surrounding islands) and Spain (the Canary Islands,
the Autonomous Cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and small islands off
the coast of Morocco). No information is provided for the volcanic
Mid-Atlantic Ridge islands of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da
Cunha Socotra (administrated by the United Kingdom) nor for
the island of Soqotra, which is part of the Asian state of Yemen.
Although the Sinai peninsula is considered geologically as part of
22
Soil Atlas of Africa | Introduction
Asia, it is included in the atlas as it is part of the Egyptian state.
In terms of geographic area, Africa is the planet's second-largest
continent covering an area of 30.3 million km2. Africa's largest
country is Algeria while the smallest is the Indian Ocean archipelago
of the Seychelles. The smallest country on the continental mainland
is The Gambia in West Africa.
With just over a billion people, it is the second-most populous
continent in the world and accounts for just over 14% of the world's
human population. Politically, Africa consists of the fifty-four states
that are fully recognised by the United Nations and the Sahrawi
Arab Democratic Republic which is a member of the Africa Union
(Morocco is not currently a member of the AU). Of these fifty-five
states, forty-nine are found on the actual continent while six are
island nations.
Nigeria is by far the most populous state with 166 629 000 inhabitants
while the Seychelles are home to only 87 000 people spread over
115 islands. The population of most African countries is growing by
more than 2% per year, with Niger at 3.6% (all population estimates
are from the UN for 2012).