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Name: __________________________________ Introduction to Genetics Keystone Assessment Anchor: BIO.B.2.1.1: Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e. dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles) Objectives: Define vocabulary associated with genetics (dominant, recessive, Punnett square, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, pure, hybrid, etc.). Use Punnett squares to predict the results of genetic crosses Use your e-text from pearsonsuccessnet.com or other trustworthy resources to define the following terms. You will need to apply these terms to the questions below. Genotype: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Phenotype: _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Homozygous (pure): ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Heterozygous (hybrid): ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Dominant: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Recessive: _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. For each genotype listed below, indicate whether it is heterozygous or homozygous. AA _______________ Ee _______________ Ii _______________ Bb _______________ ff _______________ Jj _______________ Cc _______________ GG _______________ kk _______________ Dd _______________ HH _______________ Ll _______________ Mm _______________ nn _______________ OO _______________ Pp _______________ 2. For each of the genotypes below, determine the phenotype. Blue flowers are dominant to white flowers PP ___________________________ Pp ___________________________ pp ___________________________ Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled RR ___________________________ Rr ___________________________ rr ____________________________ Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes BB ___________________________ Bb ___________________________ bb ___________________________ Short hair is recessive (long is dominant) TT ___________________________ Tt ___________________________ tt ____________________________ 3. For each phenotype below, list the genotypes. Straight hair is dominant to curly. ____________ straight ____________ straight ____________ curly Pointed heads are dominant to round heads. ____________ pointed ____________ pointed ____________ round 4. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds (dominant) and wrinkled seeds (recessive). Use the key below to help you determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring after completing the Punnett square. GENOTYPE RR Rr rr PHENOTYPE Round Round Wrinkled DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE Dominant Dominant Recessive Rr x rr What percentage of the offspring will be round? ___________ Rr x R r What percentage of the offspring will be round? ___________ HETEROZYGOUS OR HOMOZYGOUS Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous RR x Rr What percentage of the offspring will be round? ___________ 5. A TT (tall) plant is crossed with a tt (short plant). What percentage of the offspring will be tall? ___________ 6. A Tt plant is crossed with a Tt plant. What percentage of the offspring will be short? ________ 7. A heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a homozygous round seeded plant (RR). What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous (RR)? ____________ 8. A homozygous round seeded plant is crossed with a homozygous wrinkled seeded plant. What are the genotypes of the parents? __________ x __________ What percentage of the offspring will also be homozygous? ______________ 9. In pea plants purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Complete the table below. GENOTYPE FF Ff ff PHENOTYPE DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE HETEROZYGOUS OR HOMOZYGOUS If two white flowered plants are crossed, what percentage of their offspring will be white flowered? ______________ 10. A white flowered plant is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for the trait. What percentage of the offspring will have purple flowers? _____________ 11. Two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will have purple flowers? ______________ What percentage will have white flowers? ___________ 12. In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair is dominant. Complete the table below. GENOTYPE HH Hh hh PHENOTYPE DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE HETEROZYGOUS OR HOMOZYGOUS What genotype would a heterozygous short haired guinea pig have? ____________ What genotype would a pure breeding short haired guinea pig have? ____________ What genotype would a long haired guinea pig have? __________ 13. Show the cross for a pure breeding short haired guinea pig and a long haired guinea pig. What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? __________ 14. Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea pigs. What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? _________ What percentage of the offspring will have long hair? _________ 15. Two short haired guinea pigs are mated several times. Out of 100 offspring, 25 of them have long hair. What are the probable genotypes of the parents? ____________ x ___________ Show the cross to prove it!
