Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
HOW_RVSG_CH02_1.qxd 5/24/05 1:20 PM Page 28 PT HA ER C 12 2 Prepare to Read Section 5 Judaism Objectives 1. Learn about the basic beliefs of Judaism. 2. Find out about the impact that Judaism has had on other religions. Target Reading Skill Summarize When you summarize, you focus on the main points. You leave out the less important details. A summary is shorter than the original text. When you summarize, keep the main ideas or facts in the correct order. Look at the following sentence: “At the same time, religious teachers called on government leaders to temper the laws with justice and mercy.” It could be summarized like this: “Religious leaders also called for justice and mercy.” As you read, pause to summarize the main ideas about Judaism. Vocabulary Strategy temper 28 Definitions Examples mood or state of mind She is in a good temper today. self-control He lost his temper. a tendency to get angry What a temper you have! anger or rage She went into a temper. to lessen or soften He tries to temper justice with mercy. Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide © Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Using Context to Clarify Meaning Sometimes you may read a word you recognize, but the word does not seem to make sense in the sentence. Most words have more than one meaning. What a word means depends on its context. Look for clues in the surrounding words or sentences. For example, the word temper has many meanings. You cannot know what meaning the author had in mind unless you look at the context. Some of the most common meanings of temper are listed in the chart below. The chart also has examples in context. HOW_RVSG_CH02.qxd 10/5/06 3:38 PM Page 29 Section 5 Summary The Beliefs of Judaism To the Israelites, history and religion were closely linked. Each event showed God’s plan for the Israelite people. These beliefs became the religion we know as Judaism. It was always monotheistic. It differed in 5 other ways from the beliefs of nearby peoples. Most ancient people thought that their gods were connected to certain places or people. The Israelites believed that God is present in all places. They believed that God knows everything. They believed 10 that God has complete power. The Torah says that God promised Abraham that his people would become kings. God said they would build nations. God made a covenant with Abraham. The Israelites considered themselves to be God’s “chosen people.” Moses later renewed this covenant. He told the Israelites that God would lead them to Canaan. Canaan was the “promised land.” In return, the Israelites had to obey God faithfully. The Israelites believed God gave Moses the Ten Commandments. They set religious duties toward God. The Torah set many other laws. Some had to do with everyday matters. Others had to do with crimes. Like Hammurabi’s Code, many laws demanded an eye for an eye. At the same time, religious teachers called on government leaders to temper the laws with justice and mercy. Some laws protected women. For example, mothers were to be treated with respect. But women were of lower status than men. A man who was head of a fam30 ily owned his wife and children. Early on, there were some women leaders, such as the judge Deborah, who won honor and respect. But later, women were not allowed to be religious leaders. Target Reading Skill Summarize the first bracketed paragraph. Be sure to include the key points. Also include the important details about God’s promise to the Israelites. Key point: _____________________ Detail: ________________________ Detail: ________________________ Detail: ________________________ Vocabulary Strategy The word temper is used in the second bracketed paragraph. Find it and circle it. How is it Ma used here? Copy the rk correct definition from the chart at the beginning of this section. TH E xt Te © Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 1 _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Key Terms covenant (KUV uh nunt) n. a binding agreement Moses (MOH zuz) n. an Israelite leader whom the Torah says led the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan Chapter 2 Section 5 29 HOW_RVSG_CH02_1.qxd 5/24/05 1:20 PM Page 30 Reading Check What did the prophets tell the Israelites? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ Reading Check Name four ways the Jews preserved their heritage. 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ The Effects of Judaism People who follow Judaism are known as Jews. The Romans drove the Jews out of their homeland in A.D. 135. The Jews then scattered to many parts of the world. The Assyrians and Chaldeans had begun this 45 diaspora. Wherever they lived, Jews preserved their heritage. They lived in close communities. They obeyed their religious laws. They worshiped at their temples. They followed traditions such as Passover. These traditions 50 helped unite Jews. Judaism had an important effect on two later religions, Christianity and Islam. Both of these faiths came from the same area. Both were monotheistic. Jews, Christians, and people who follow Islam all honor 55 Abraham, Moses, and the prophets. They share the Israelite moral point of view. Review Questions 1. Why did the Israelites believe that they were God’s chosen people? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. What religious laws did the Israelites follow? ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Key Terms prophet (PRAHF it) n. a religious teacher who people believe speaks for God or a god diaspora (dy AS pur uh) n. the scattering of people who have a common background or beliefs 30 Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide © Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 3. _____________________________ The history of the Israelites tells of prophets. They 35 told the Israelites what God wanted them to do. Prophets urged the Israelites to live by the idea of right and wrong. They called on the rich and powerful to protect the poor and weak. All people were equal before God. Kings were not gods. They had to obey 40 God’s law just like anyone else.