Download Development And Aging Last modified January 9

Development And Aging
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which embryonic tissue is incorrectly associated with its derivative?
A) skin from mesoderm
B) nervous system from ectoderm
C) liver from endoderm
D) circulatory system from mesoderm
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) The mesoderm is responsible for the formation of all of the following adult tissues
EXCEPT
A) reproductive system
B) circulatory system
C) nervous system.
D) muscle system
E) excretory system.
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) During which of the following do sets of cells become structurally and functionally
unique and arranged into tissues and organs?
A) cleavage
B) organogenesis
C) morphogenesis
D) metamorphosis
E) ovulation
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) If an experimenter interferes with the mesoderm in an egg, which of the following
systems would NOT be affected by the experimenter?
A) circulatory system
B) muscular system
C) reproductive system
D) integumentary system
E) excretory system
Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) The heart, muscles, bones, and blood develop primarily from
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) the placenta.
E) the gray crescent.
Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) In the process of differentiation
A) some daughter cells usually receive varying assortments of genes.
B) cells with identical assortments of genes come to have different individual genes expressed.
C) cells become specialized as a result of meiosis.
D) daughter cells acquire different characteristics as a result of mutations that have occurred.
E) all of the above
Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) At the end of gastrulation, which of the following are produced?
A) hollow balls of cells
B) embryos with germ layers
C) solid balls of cells
D) maternal messages
E) all of the above
Question # 8 (Multiple Choice) The germ layers are formed in which of the following stages?
A) cleavage
B) morula
C) gastrula
D) zygote
E) blastula
Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) In the human, which of the following events would occur over the longest period of
time?
A) sperm production
B) cleavage
C) fertilization
D) gastrulation
E) growth and tissue specialization
Question # 10 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is a single-layered, hollow ball of cells?
A) cleavage
B) morula
C) gastrula
D) zygote
E) blastula
Question # 11 (Multiple Choice) In the following list of developmental events, which occurs last?
A) tissue specialization
B) gamete formation
C) gastrulation
D) cleavage
E) organ formation
Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events.
A) fertilization >>> cleavage >>> gastrula >>> blastula
B) fertilization >>> cleavage >>> blastula >>> gastrula
C) fertilization >>> blastula >>> cleavage >>> gastrula
D) fertilization >>> gastrula >>> blastula >>> cleavage
Question # 13 (Multiple Choice) Muscles differentiate from which tissue?
A) ectoderm
B) endoderm
C) mesoderm
D) all of the above
Question # 14 (Multiple Choice) The explanation for the differences between a cell from the human liver and a cell
from the skin is the
A) maternal and paternal origins of the cell types.
B) gene content of the two cells.
C) expression of the genes in the two cells.
D) fact that they are in different parts of the body.
Question # 15 (Multiple Choice) The process of cleavage most commonly produces a
A) zygote
B) morula.
C) gastrula
D) puff.
E) third germ layer
Question # 16 (Multiple Choice) During which of the following stages do cells of identical genetic makeup become
structurally and functionally different from one another according to the genetically controlled developmental program
of the species?
A) cleavage
B) differentiation
C) morphogenesis
D) metamorphosis
E) ovulation
Question # 17 (Multiple Choice) Shortly after fertilization, successive cell divisions convert the zygote into a
multicellular embryo during a process known as
A) meiosis.
B) parthenogenesis.
C) embryonic induction
D) cleavage
E) invagination
Question # 18 (Multiple Choice) Which stage in development occurs first?
A) cleavage
B) morula
C) gastrula
D) zygote
E) blastula
Part II:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) The fact that a blastocyst has been implanted on the uterine wall can be demonstrated
by the presence of
A) human chorionic gonadotropin
B) progesterone.
C) estrogen.
D) testosterone.
E) second polar body
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is NOT true of identical twins?
A) They are appropriately called monozygotic twins
B) They always are the same sex.
C) They occur more frequently than fraternal twins.
D) They have exactly the same genotypes and could appropriately be called clones.
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) The average number of sperm that are deposited in the vagina during an ejaculation is
between
A) 150,000 and 350,000.
B) 1.5 and 3.5 million
C) 15 and 35 million.
D) 150 and 350 million
E) 1.5 and 3.5 billion
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) In the process of blastocyst formation
A) the size of individual cells decreases
B) the number of cells increases
C) the total amount of cytoplasm remains about the same.
D) only a and b are possible
E) a, b, and c are all possible
Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) Implantation occurs in the
A) ovary.
B) uterus
C) vagina.
D) oviduct
E) follicle
Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) The first several cleavages after fertilization occur in the
A) uterus.
B) ovary.
C) vagina
D) oviduct.
E) any of the above except vagina
Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) During human development, which of the following gives rise to the embryo?
A) trophoblast
B) amnion
C) inner cell mass
D) chorion
E) placenta
Question # 8 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is responsible for the actual invasion of the lining of the uterus?
A) trophoblast
B) amnion
C) inner cell mass
D) blastocyst
E) placenta
Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following hormones is produced only when a woman is pregnant?
A) testosterone
B) gonadotropic-releasing hormone
C) human chorionic gonadotropin
D) estrogen
E) progesterone
Question # 10 (Multiple Choice) Fertilization in mammals occurs in the
A) ovary.
B) uterus.
C) vagina.
D) oviduct.
E) follicle.
Question # 11 (Multiple Choice) The process wherein the sperm become ready to fertilize the egg is known as
A) differentiation
B) cleavage.
C) capacitation.
D) morphogenesis
E) implantation
Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) During a human pregnancy, implantation occurs at which stage?
A) zygote
B) early cleavage
C) blastocyst
D) gastrula
E) morula
Question # 13 (Multiple Choice) The presence of which hormone in a mother's urine indicates that she is pregnant?
A) luteinizing hormone
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) chorionic gonadotropin
D) progesterone
E) estrogen
Question # 14 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Ovulation occurs when the follicle ruptures and releases an egg.
B) Cleavage occurs when the zygote divides
C) Fertilization occurs in the upper regions of the oviduct.
D) The blastocyst implants in the endometrial lining of the uterus.
E) Implantation occurs about 36 hours after fertilization.
Question # 15 (Multiple Choice) The signal for the second meiotic division in the egg is
A) implantation in the uterus.
B) entry of the sperm into the egg.
C) capacitation of the sperm
D) fusion of the sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus
E) cleavage of the zygote.
Question # 16 (Multiple Choice) In an ectopic pregnancy, implantation occurs
A) in the oviduct.
B) on the outside of the uterus
C) on the abdominal wall
D) on the surface of the ovary.
E) any of the above
Part III:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following would be expected to diffuse in greater amounts from the fetal
blood to the mother's blood?
A) oxygen
B) urea
C) hormones
D) antibodies
E) hormones
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following membranes is associated with the formation of the placenta?
A) amnion
B) yolk sac
C) chorion
D) allantois
E) none of the above
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) In humans, the fluid immediately surrounding the embryo is contained in the
A) allantois.
B) placenta.
C) chorion.
D) amnion.
E) yolk sac.
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) The outermost membrane that forms the majority of the placenta is the
A) amnion
B) allantois.
C) chorion.
D) yolk sac.
E) umbilical cord
Part 4:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following systems is the first of those listed to begin development in the
human embryo?
A) nervous system
B) excretory system
C) reproductive system
D) skeletal system
E) endocrine system
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) The first evidence of where the nerve cord will be in embryo is the
A) neural tube.
B) chorionic villus
C) embryonic somite.
D) primitive streak.
E) neural plate
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) What is the name of the birth defect in which the neural tube fails to close completely?
A) neurulation
B) fossa ovalis
C) organogenesis
D) spina bifida
E) capacitation
Part 5:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) The embryo is recognizable as human and is called a fetus by which week of
pregnancy?
A) eighth
B) twelfth
C) sixteenth
D) twentieth
E) twenty-fourth
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) A embryo with two X chromosomes will develop female characters because
A) the presence of female hormones in development
B) the absence of male hormones during early embryology.
C) of the SRY regions of the X chromosomes.
D) of maternal substances passed to the zygote during fertilization.
E) of human chorionic gonadotropin
Part 6:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) All of the following are true about the umbilical arteries EXCEPT which one?
A) There are two of them.
B) They carry oxygen-poor blood
C) They take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
D) They are housed in the umbilical cord.
E) They carry blood that is rich in nutrients.
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Respiratory distress syndrome is due to
A) a lack of surfactant in the lungs.
B) premature birth.
C) lack of prenatal care
D) a and b
E) b and c
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) What is the name given to the opening that allows blood to flow from the right atrium
directly into the left atrium of the fetal heart?
A) ductus arteriosus
B) foramen ovale
C) vernix caseosa
D) ductus venosus
E) lanugo
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is NOT a structure associated in some way with the bypassing
of blood around the fetal lungs?
A) ductus arteriosus
B) fossa ovalis
C) ductus venosus
D) foramen ovale
Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) The soft, fuzzy hair covering the body of a fetus in the second trimester is called
A) vernix caseosa.
B) fossa ovalis.
C) chorionic villus.
D) lanugo.
E) colostrum.
Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following does NOT occur in the first trimester?
A) formation of a heart
B) disappearance of the tail
C) formation of internal organs
D) detection of movement of the fetus
E) segmentation and development of somites
Part 7:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) The hormones that are most directly involved with the process of birth are
A) estrogen and oxytocin
B) oxytocin and prostaglandins
C) oxytocin and progesterone
D) prolactin and estrogen
E) prostaglandin and progesterone
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following occurs in all three stages of the birthing process-"labor?"
A) dilation
B) delivery
C) contractions
D) afterbirth
E) rupture of amnion
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) The female hormones that participate in milk production for the newborn are
A) prolactin and oxytocin.
B) prolactin and estrogen
C) prolactin and progesterone.
D) oxytocin and estrogen.
E) oxytocin and progesterone
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) Milk production in women is stimulated by
A) estrogen.
B) prolactin.
C) oxytocin.
D) prostaglandin.
E) progesterone
Part 8:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in infants without arms or legs?
A) tetracycline
B) thalidomide
C) streptomycin
D) salicylic acid
E) codeine
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Exposure to which of the following would cause a newborn to experience improper
nervous system development, chronic irritability, oxygen deprivation and long-term emotional problems?
A) cocaine
B) Retin-A
C) thalidomide
D) streptomycin
E) alcohol
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) Which disease may produce a malformed embryo if the mother develops the disease
early in pregnancy?
A) German measles
B) chicken pox
C) red measles
D) hepatitis
E) mumps
Part 9:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is true concerning postnatal development?
A) Infancy is defined as the first two years of life after birth.
B) Senescence results in increased hormone secretion
C) Postnatal development occurs before birth.
D) In general boys experience their pre-adolescent growth spurt later than girls.
E) Early childhood is a time of rapid cell division in nerve cells.
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) The process of aging is described by the term
A) senescence.
B) puberty.
C) neonate.
D) morulation.
E) fetalism.
Part 10:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Limited division potential is one of the explanations for
A) puberty.
B) chronic irritability in some babies exposed to drugs.
C) the aging process
D) the growth spurts that are typical of pre-adolescents.
E) mental retardation in poorly nourished fetuses.
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Some researchers believe the many of the changes seen in aging tissues could result
from damage by ______ oxygen.
A) isotopes of
B) too much
C) free radicals of
D) the lack of
E) reduced
Part 11:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is NOT one of the signs of aging in the skin?
A) increased collagen
B) reduced fibroblasts
C) increase in sweat glands
D) less pigmentation in hair
E) increased fat deposits
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Which of the following is NOT true of aging cardiovascular systems?
A) Pumping ability diminishes.
B) Less blood and oxygen are delivered to the tissues.
C) Blood vessel walls become more elastic.
D) Plaque deposits increase on vessel walls.
E) Heart size usually becomes smaller.
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) As bones age in older persons, they
A) have increased calcium deposits.
B) become stronger
C) are less porous.
D) more brittle.
E) increase in length.
Part 12:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Clumps of microtubules in aging neurons are called
A) beta amyloid
B) neurofibrillary tangles.
C) neural atrophy
D) plaques
E) ganglionic fossae.
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) All of the following are usually a part of the aging reproductive systems EXCEPT
A) declining levels of estrogen
B) menopause.
C) sexual response
D) decreased fertility.
E) declining testosterone levels.
Part 13:
Question # 1 (Multiple Choice) Four of the five answers listed below are produced by the same germ layer. Select the
exception.
A) nervous system
B) muscle system
C) circulatory system
D) reproductive system
E) excretory system
Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Four of the five answers listed below are events occurring after fertilization. Select the
exception.
A) cleavage
B) gametogenesis
C) blastula
D) gastrulation
E) organogenesis
Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) This is the fertilized egg.
A) zygote
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) gastrula
E) embryo
Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) The gut cavity of an animal forms during this stage
A) zygote
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) gastrula
E) embryo
Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) Four of the five answers listed below are related by a matching feature. Select the
exception.
A) blastocyst
B) amnion
C) allantois
D) yolk sac
E) chorion
Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) This stage might be described as a "solid ball."
A) zygote
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) gastrula
E) embryo
Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common theme. Select the
exception
A) alcohol
B) thalidomide
C) German measles
D) vitamins
E) antibiotics
Question # 8 (Multiple Choice) This stage appears as a multicellular, hollow sphere.
A) zygote
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) gastrula
E) embryo
Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) The major germ layers are formed during this stage.
A) zygote
B) blastocyst
C) morula
D) gastrula
E) embryo
Question # 10 (Multiple Choice) Four of the five answers listed below are events associated with the aging process.
Select the exception.
A) skin wrinkling
B) increased metabolism
C) decreased muscle mass
D) altered collagen
E) increased fat deposition