Download 8.5 – Phylogenetic Trees - Manhasset Public Schools

Living Environment
Unit 8: Natural Selection & Evolution
Name____________________________________
Mr. Willis – May 7, 2012
8.5 – Phylogenetic Trees
Describe the major ways that evolutionary relationships are determined:
Structures – Morphology & Embryology
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Genetic
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Biochemical
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Fossils
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The presence of some similar structures in all
vertebrates suggests that these vertebrates
1) all develop at the same rate
2) evolved from different animals that appeared
on Earth at the same time
3) all develop internally and rely on nutrients
supplied by the mother
4) may have an evolutionary relationship
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39 One possible conclusion that can be drawn regarding
ancestral horses A and B is that
(1) A was better adapted to changes that occurred during the
Pliocene Epoch than was B
(2) the areas that B migrated to contained fewer varieties of
producers than did the areas that A migrated to
(3) competition between A and B led to the extinction of
Pliohippus
(4) the adaptive characteristics present in both A and B were
insufficient for survival
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Miohippus has been classified as a browser (an animal that feeds on shrubs and trees) while Merychippus
has been classified as a grazer (an animal that feeds on grasses). One valid inference that can be made
regarding the evolution of modern horses based on this information is that
(1) Eohippus inhabited grassland areas throughout the world
(2) Pliohippus had teeth adapted for grazing
(3) Equus evolved as a result of the migration of Pliohippus into forested areas due to increased competition
(4) ecological succession led to changes in tooth structure during the Eocene Epoch
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Older systems of classification always placed penguins, chickens, ducks, and pigeons in
the bird group and turtles and snakes in the reptile group. Does this diagram support
the older system of classification? Explain your answer. [1]
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According to this diagram, is the pig more closely related to the dog or the kangaroo?
Justify your answer. [1]
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To determine evolutionary relationships
between organisms, a comparison would most
likely be made between all of the characteristics
below except
(1) methods of reproduction
(2) number of their ATP molecules
(3) sequences in their DNA molecules
(4) structure of protein molecules present
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