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The Danaid The Danaans of Argos and the House of Perseus The Greek World Hellas The Peloponnese • The Argolid/ Argolis Inachus • First priest-king of Argos • Chose Hera over Poseidon • Father of Phoroneus by a mortal woman • Phoroneus had a daughter, Niobe • By Zeus, Niobe had two sons, Pelasgus and Argus. From Argos… Ocean = Tethys Inachus = Melia Phoroneus Apis Aegialeus Niobe = Zeus Argus Pelasgus Pelasgus • Son of Niobe and Zeus • Founder of the Pelasgian people • Received Demeter in her search for Core • His son, Triptolemus, was first to sow seeds for cultivation • His son Lycaon was king of Arcadia Arcadia Niobe = Zeus Pelasgus Argus Lycaon • Lycaon had fifty sons • Practiced human sacrifice • Zeus turned them all into wolves • Wolf-man legend (Pausanias viii.2.6) • Lycaon also had a daughter, Callisto Callisto Niobe = Zeus Argus Pelasgus • Daughter of Lycaon • Companion of Artemis Lycaon • Swore to remain a virgin Zeus = Callisto • Zeus raped Callisto - turned her into a bear Arcas • Artemis killed her for loosing her virginity • Or • Arcas killed her • Callisto became Ursa Major, Arcas Ursa Minor Diana and Callisto • Gaetano Gandolfi • 1780’s • Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons From Argos… Ocean = Tethys Inachus = Melia Phoroneus Apis Aegialeus Niobe = Zeus Argus Pelasgus Io Niobe = Zeus Evadne = Argus Ecbasus Iassus Io Pelasgus Io • Zeus attempted to seduce Io • Hera was jealous of Io, so Zeus turned her into a white cow • Hera gave the cow to Argus, son of Niobe • Zeus sent Hermes to kill Argus • Hera made his eyes the tail of the peacock • Hera sent a fly to torment Io • Io fled to Egypt, guided by Hermes • Where she returned to a woman Juno discovering Jupiter with Io Pieter Lastman, ca. 1600 Copyright 2000 National Gallery, London • Argus, slain by Hermes Journey of Io Io in Egypt • Io becomes the priestess of Isis • Gives birth to Epaphus • Epaphus m. Memphis, daughter of Nile • Becomes king of Egypt and founds Memphis Egyptian Connection Zeus = Io Epaphus = Memphis Poseidon = Libya Belus Lysianassa Agenor = Telephassa Children of Libya Libya = Poseidon Agenor Belus Egyptus • Agenor migrated to Phoenicia • Egyptus had 50 sons • Danaus had 50 Daughters • Fled to Argos, became king Danaus The Peloponnese • The Argolid/ Argolis Aeschylus, Suppliant Women • Early Greek Tragedy • Little in the way of plot • Set pieces focussing on the main theme of a well known story • Produced in 459 BC. • Athens and Sparta are at war • Corinth and Epidaurus fight on the side of Sparta • Athens is aiding an Egyptian rebellion The First Peloponnesian War Aeschylus, Suppliant Women • Egyptus and Danaus • Egyptus, king of Egypt • 50 Daughters each. • Danaus and his daughters arrive in Argos • Themes: • Line 144: invocation of Athena • Line 340ff: the king’s duty to the suppliants and opposed to his duty to protect his city. • Lines 274 – 326, The Test. The Danaids • Danaus • Secured their protection in Argos • Sons of Egyptus attack the city. • Agreed to the marriage to end the war • The Daughters • Each ordered to kill their husbands • Hypermnestra • Refused to kill Lynceus The Danaides by John William Waterhouse 1903 Danaus Egyptus Hypermnestra = Lynceus Lacedaemon = Sparta Abas = Aglaia Eurydice = Acrisius Proetus • Danaus had no sons and was succeeded by his son in law, Lynceus, son of Egyptus • Acrisius and Proetus warred over the kingdom • First to invent shields Proetus • Lost the war • Fled to Lycia in Asia Minor • Married Antea (Stheneboea), the daughter of king Iobates of Lycia • The woman who tried to wreak vengeance on Bellerophon (See Aetolian Saga) • Returned to Greece with a Lycian force and established Tiryns Proetus Tiryns: Where Hermes concealed the cattle of Apollo Abas = Aglaia Eurydice = Acrisius Zeus = Danae Proetus = Stheneboea Lysippe Iphinoe Iphianassa Perseus • Acrisius warned about a son to overthrow him • Danae seduced by Proetus or Zeus • Zeus came to her as a shower of gold • Acrisius cast Danae and Perseus to sea • Perseus raised by Dictys of Seriphos Alexader Jacques Chantron (1891) Seriphos Perseus • Polydectes, king of Seriphos • Sent Perseus to fetch the head of Medusa • Nymphs gave Perseus winged sandals, a bag and the helmet of Hades to make him invisible • Athena gave Perseus a mirror • Hermes gave him a sickle • Perseus cut off the head of Medusa • Looking at her only through the mirror Perseus statue at the Metropolitan Museum of Art • Antonio Canova • 1806 • Apollo Belvedere • Vatican Museum • A Roman (2nd cent AD) copy of a Greek original by Leochares (ca. 325 BC). • Adorned the palace of Cardinal Guilano della Rovere. • Became Pope Julius II (1503 – 1513) • Statue moved to Vatican in 1508. Perseus chasing Medusa Perseus at Argos • With Medusa’s head: • • • • Perseus travelled to Ethiopia Met and married Andromeda Turned Polydectes to stone Gave Medusa’s head to Athena • Returned to Argos: • Killed Acrisius • Became king of Tiryns • Founded Mycenae Oops. Perseus and Andromeda Pierre Mignard 1679 Perseus and Andromeda Raphael 1774-79 Perseus and Athena From the temple of Palatine Apollo in Rome Perseus = Andromeda Aclaeus Mestor Perses Heleus Gorgophone Electryon Sthenelus • Perseus succeeded at Mycenae by Electryon • Alcaeus founded Troezen • Perses established Persia Mycenae Troezen Perseus = Andromeda Sthenelus Heleus Perses Mestor Aclaeus Gorgophone Electryon = Anaxo Alcmene = Amphitryon • Amphitryon killed Electryon • Sthenelus became king – banished Amphitryon • Amphitryon and Alcmeme went to Thebes Perseus = Andromeda Sthenelus Heleus Perses Eurystheus Mestor Aclaeus Gorgophone Electryon = Anaxo Alcmene = Amphitryon Heracles • Zeus raped Alcmene (disguised as Amphitryon) • Sthenelus’ wife, Nicippe was also pregnant. Birth of Heracles • Zeus: • “This day, the ruler of the race of Perseus will be born!” • Hera delayed the birth of Heracles and aided the birth of Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus. • Eurystheus became king of the Argives
