Download AP WORLD HISTORY GUIDED READINGS UNIT 2: 600BCE

AP WORLD HISTORY
GUIDED READINGS
UNIT 2: 600BCE-600CE
As you read each chapter, answer the core questions within this packet. You should also define
vocabulary words listed in the Key Terms packet.
When finished with the chapter, go online to the companion website for the textbook The
Earth and Its Peoples. Be aware that the chapter numbers are not aligned directly with the
numbers in our books, as the online version is a different edition. Furthermore, some of the
links for the Internet Exercises in each chapter are broken. Most of the broken links are revised
within this packet, so open the PDF of this packet online and access the links that way. You can
also usually find the page the book’s website was intending to redirect to through a Google
search.
All chapters require answering the core questions within this packet as well as the online
multiple choice questions. Almost all chapters also require an extension activity to be
completed, as indicated following the core questions.
Chapter questions are due by class time on the dates indicated here:
Chapter 4: ____________________________
Chapter 5: ____________________________
Chapter 6: ____________________________
Chapter 7: ____________________________
AP World History Guided Reading:
Persian Empire
1.
2.
3.
4.
From whose records does most known information about
the Persian Empire come?
a. Greeks
b. Romans
c. Assyrians
What were Persian rulers called?
a. Medes
b. Achaemednids
c. Kurush
Who united various Persian tribes around 550BCE?
a. Cyrus
b. Darius I
c. Satrap
How did Darius I change the organizational structure of
the Persian Empire?
Chapter 4
a. Archaic
b. Iron Age
c. Classical
10. How did geography limit the unity of Greek city-states?
11. What was the relationship between hoplite warfare and
agriculture?
12. Why did political rights extend to more people in Greece
over time?
5.
6.
Who finished the project at Persepolis?
a. Darius I
b. Xerxes
c. Ahuramazda
Describe the principles of Zoroastrianism.
13. Upon the rejection of tyrants, what two authority styles
were prominent in Greece?
14. List a few tenets of Greek religion.
Rise of Greece
7.
8.
9.
What seas border Greece? Check all that apply.
a. Mediterranean
b. Black
c. Ionian
d. Aegean
What adjectives would describe Greece during the Dark
Ages?
What period began when Phoenician ships began visiting
the Aegean, igniting trade opportunities for the Greeks?
15. Who is recognized as the first historian?
a. Xenophanes
b. Herodotus
c. Pericles
16. What city was located in the Peloponnese?
a. Athens
b. Sparta
c. Acropolis
17. How did a fear of a helot uprising shape the Spartan way
of life?
18. What area did Athens control?
a. Sparta
b. Attica
c. Delian League
19. How was power split among social classes by Solon?
20. How did Pericles move Athens toward democracy?
Persia VS Greece
21. What event changed the relative harmony of Greeks
living in Cyrus’s territory in Lydia?
a. Persian War
b. Ionian Revolt
c. Peloponnesian War
22. What cities did Darius target in the Persian Wars?
23. What alliance formed to resist Persian occupation in
Greece?
a. Hellenistic Kingdom
b. Delian League
c. Hellenic League
24. What alliance formed among Greeks to use naval force to
remove Persians from the eastern Mediterranean?
a. Hellenistic Kingdom
b. Delian League
c. Hellenic League
25. What period began when the Persians were removed
from Greece and Athens emerged as an imperial power?
a. Dark Ages
b. Classical Period
c. Hellenistic Age
26. Why was the Athenian navy more beneficial than the
Spartan hoplite militia?
27. What was the goal of Socrates’ philosophical
conversations?
28. Who was the student of Socrates?
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Herodotus
29. Who was a student of Plato’s academy?
a. Aristotle
b. Socrates
c. Sophocles
30. What future leader was tutored by Aristotle?
a. King Philip II of Macedonia
b. Alexander the Great
c. Xerxes
31. What were the characteristics of slaves in Classical
Greece?
32. Describe the gender roles of men and women in Classical
Greece.
33. What war began in 431BCE and was fought between the
alliance structures of Sparta and Athens?
a. Peloponnesian War
b. Second Persian War
c. Sicilian War
34. What leader forcibly united the Greek city-states?
40. Why was the Ptolomies’ rule in Egypt relatively easy
compared to the Seleucids?
35. Who was Alexander the Great pursuing in his conquests
around Asia?
41. What two cities did not join a confederation to defend
against the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia?
36. How did Alexander the Great maintain land conquered in
Persia?
Hellenistic Age
37. All of these were kingdoms broken from Alexander the
Great’s vast empire upon his death, except:
a. Seleucid
b. Ptolemaic
c. Antigonid
d. Alexandrian
38. When did the Hellenistic Age begin?
42. Why did some members of indigenous peoples learn
Greek language and adopt Greek culture in the
Hellenistic states
39. What challenges existed for the Seleucids?
Core Questions
1. Describe the historical development and the economic basis of the Persian Empire, and discuss the religious and
political justifications for kingship and the mechanisms that the Persians developed for successful administration of
their extensive and diverse empire.
2. Describe the geographical, economic, and technological bases and the social structure of Archaic and classical Greek
civilization and analyze the causes of the political evolution that led to the polis and democracy.
3. Evaluate the causes and effects of the struggle between Persia and Greece.
4. Analyze the significance and both the short- and long- term influence of Persian and Greek culture in the
Mediterranean and western Asian worlds.
Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.
 ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 5: Greece & Iran – email to [email protected] or print your results & bring
to class.
 Internet Exercises – Chapter 5 – Activity 1:
Jared Diamond offers an explanation as to why civilizations appeared in the Western Hemisphere much later than in the
A major theme in this chapter on Greece and Iran is the development of sustained contact between the Mediterranean
world, the Middle East, and Persia between 1000-30 B.C.E. One way to demonstrate this development is through the use
of Maps. Click on and study the maps at The Hellenistic World after the Breakup of Alexander's Empire, 310 B.C.E.
Explain how these Maps demonstrate the growth of contact and exchanges between the Mediterranean world, the
Middle East, and Persia from 650 B.C.E. to 310 B.C.E.
What developments led to this sustained contact?
For example, what role did trade play in uniting these regions?
What role did military clashes and conquest play?
According to these Maps, who were the dominant political forces in this broad region during this time period?
AP World History Guided Reading:
Rome’s Mediterranean Empire
1.
2.
What was the basis of wealth in the early Roman state?
a. Agriculture
b. Horticulture
c. Slave Ownership
Who had power in the Republic (507-31BCE)?
3.
What attributes of Rome did the Senate bring together?
4.
What two social classes combated in the Conflict of
Orders?
5.
What was the basic unit of Roman society? (Bonus –
what other early civilization really focused on the same
unit?)
6.
How were women treated in Rome?
Chapter 5
10. What group did the Romans battle for dominance in the
Mediterranean?
a. Persia
b. Carthage
c. Gaul
11. Why did the vast empire kill the Republic?
12. What leaders led armies that led to bloody civil wars
between 88 and 31 BCE? Check all that apply.
a. Sulla
b. Pompey
c. Augustus
d. Julius Caesar
e. Mark Antony
f. Brutus
g. Octavian
13. What period followed the Republic, initiated by
Octavian?
14. Why did provincials choose to adopt Latin and Roman
cultural habits in Roman territories elsewhere in Europe?
7.
8.
9.
What early civilization’s religion impacted the Roman
religion?
a. Greece
b. Persia
c. Shang China
How did Rome expand in the Mediterranean?
In what ways were conquered peoples treated differently
by Romans than by Greeks?
Beginning of Christianity
15. Where was Jesus born?
a. Gallilee
b. Anatolia
c. Rome
16. What Roman governor sentenced Jesus to death?
a. Paul
b. Pontius Pilate
c. Julius Caesar
17. How did Christianity spread among Jews after Jesus
perished?
18. What groups were among the first to convert to
Christianity?
19. Why were Christians persecuted by Roman officials?
Imperial China
25. How did the Qin Dynasty fill its need for labor in the
military and for building projects?
Rome’s Transformation
26. How long did the Han Dynasty govern China?
20. In what century did political, economic, and military
problems nearly destroy the Roman Empire?
27. What was the fundamental social unit of Han China?
21. How did Diocletian transform the Roman state?
28. What were the basic values of Chinese society?
22. Who reunited the Roman empire under his sole rule in
324?
23. How did Constantine change the religious composition of
the Roman Empire?
24. Describe the decline of the Roman Empire. (Not
Byzantine Empire)
29. In what ways did women experience varying levels of
subordination to men in society?
30. What ideology was prevalent among scholar-officials?
31. What technological advances gave Han China an
advantage in contrast to European civilizations?
32. What religious and philosophical ideologies were
practiced in Han China?
33. When did Buddhism arrive in China?
34. Why was Buddhism accepted in China?
35. Why was Buddhism disliked in China?
36. What factors contributed to the fall of Han China?
Core Questions
1. Analyze the causes of the rise, the stability, and the decline of the Roman and Han empires in terms of their
respective geographical locations, natural resources, economic base, administrative structures, and ideological
systems.
2. Describe the political evolution of the Roman state from the Republic to the principate, paying particular attention
to how change was related to the growth of empire and questions of land ownership.
3. Describe the development of Christianity and explain how it became the dominant religion of the Roman Empire.
4. Define the institution of emperorship and the respective roles of the gentry, the small landholders, peasants, and
nomads in the history of Han China.
Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.
 ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 6: Rome & Han China – email to [email protected] or print your results &
bring to class.
 Internet Exercises – Chapter 6 – Activity 2:
In addition to military concerns, the Romans and Han Chinese also shared many of the same strategies in promoting the
authority of the central government. Both political systems gave broad powers to emperors. Each system had many
methods of promoting the emperors' authority. Also analyze the image “The Statue of Augustus at Prima Porta," and
remember that you can click on the photos for an enlarged view) and Liu Bang: Founder of the Han Dynasty.
According to these sources, how did each empire promote the authority of the emperor?
What theoretical underpinnings upheld his power?
What forms of propaganda did they use to promote the emperor's powers?
What was the emperor expected to do for the empire?
Why were people supposed to submit to his authority?
Through the political office of the emperor, the Romans and Han Chinese were able to centralize the power of their
governments. Read the essays at The Emperor Antoninus Pius 138-161 and The Emperor Wu-ti 140-87 B.C.
List examples of how each government gained more power over the territories they controlled during the reigns of these
emperors. For example, both rulers made efforts to reform their bureaucracies. How did these efforts help to
consolidate their governments' power?
AP World History: Guided Reading
Chapter 6
Early Indian Subcontinent
1.
2.
3.
What is the most renowned Indian sacred text?
a. Rig Veda
b. Bhagavad-Gita
c. Epic of Gilgamesh
What are the major mountain ranges of the Indian
subcontinent?
12. Who founded Buddhism?
13. What are the Four Noble Truths?
What are the major rivers of the Indian subcontinent?
14. How did Buddhism evolve over time?
4.
5.
What is the period from 1500-500BCE known as?
a. The Classical Age
b. The Vedic Age
c. The Monsoon Season
What is the main source of information about early
Indian civilization?
6.
What groups may have migrated to India in the midsecond millennium BCE?
7.
How did iron tools advance civilization?
15. What did Vedic religion evolve into?
16. What major changes occurred in the shift to Hinduism?
17. Who are the 3 most prominent Hindu gods?
18. Why did Hinduism “win” over Buddhism in India?
8.
What were the 4 classes people were born into?
Mauryan Empire
9.
What was essential to Vedic religion?
a. Constructing temples
b. Daily prayer
c. Sacrifice
New Religions
10. Who was the founder of Jainism?
11. What was the central focus of Jainism?
19. Which reason was most important in explaining why
political unity in India didn’t last?
a. Varied economic activity dependent on terrain
b. Diverse languages & cultures across space
c. Complex social hierarchy gave allegiance to the
caste
20. What was the first centralized empire in India?
a. Mauryan
b. Gupta
c. Moksha
21. How did Ashoka reform or change the Mauryan Empire?
29. What other civilizations experienced similar trends with
women?
22. Why did the Mauryan Empire collapse?
30. How did religion change from the Mauryan to Gupta
Empires?
23. When did the Mauryan Empire collapse?
a. 232BCE
b. 184BCE
c. 50BCE
24. What two texts contain stories that reflect the social
conditions and values of the Vedic Age?
31. When did the Gupta Empire decline?
32. Why did the Gupta Empire decline?
Gupta Empire
25. When did the Gupta Empire form?
26. What were some differences between the Gupta and
Mauryan Empires?
Southeast Asia
33. What conditions allowed for a large population in
Southeast Asia?
27. How did the Gupta Empire control its outlying areas?
34. What empires or religions had heavy influence in
Southeast Asia due to trade and pilgrimage routes?
28. Why did the status of women decrease in the Gupta
Empire?
35. Why was Funan able to dominate trade routes from India
to China?
Core Questions
1. Discuss the historical forces that led to the complex society of ancient India.
2. Describe the development and distinctive features of Indian religion, as well as the influence of Indian religion on
South Asian culture.
3. Summarize the process that led to the creation of the Mauryan and Gupta empires.
4. What was the importance of location, trade, and Indian cultural influence on the rise and fall of Southeast Asian
maritime states.
Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.
 ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 7: India & Southeast Asia – email to [email protected] or print your
results & bring to class.
 Internet Exercises – Chapter 7 – Activity 3:
Despite religious and cultural bonds, the peoples of the Indian subcontinent have rarely shown a tendency towards
political unity. The contemporary nation state of India is an exception to this pattern. The Mauryan Empire which
dominated much of the subcontinent from 324 to 184 B.C.E. (see the map at The Mauryan Empire, 250 B.C.E.) was
another example. This large kingdom was a rough contemporary of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty in China
(Chapter 6). Its greatest emperor was Ashoka, who reigned from 269-232 B.C.E.) Your task is to compare Ashoka to
Emperor Antonius Pious of Rome and Emperor Wu-ti of the Han Dynasty whom you studied in Activity Three, Chapter 6
"An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 753 B.C.E.-330 C.E." Begin by The Emperor Antoninus Pius 138-161 and The
Emperor Wu-ti 140-87 B.C. Next read the essay at The Edicts of King Asoka(read the introductory essay and "The
Fourteen Rock Edicts" only). Finally, read Book I: Chapter 9, "The Duties of a King" from The Arthashastra.
How did the Mauryan Dynasty view the role of the king?
Was this similar or different from the role of a Roman or Chinese emperor?
What task did Ashoka undertake to promote order and stability in his realm?
How did he promote his authority?
Were these methods similar or different from Antonius Pius or Wu-ti?
What do you think accounts for the similarities in the strategies these three rulers pursued?
After exploring these questions, you should be able to identify broad similarities between the roles of these three
leaders and how they pursued these tasks. Analyze what you believe were the sources of these similarities. Were they
result of extensive contact among the three empires or because each faced similar circumstances? Use these web links
and your textbook for sources to justify your conclusions.
AP World History Guided Reading:
Silk Road
1.
What dynasty ruled in Iran from 250BCE-226CE?
2.
What were the 2 major factors in the creation of the Silk
Road?
3.
What crops were introduced to China due to the Silk
Road?
4.
What crops were introduced to the Romans through the
Silk Road?
Chapter 7
10. What impact did the technological differences between
Mediterranean and Indian Ocean vessels have on
colonization?
11. How was trade in the western Indian Ocean different
from the Greeks and Phoenicians in the Mediterranean?
12. What were the major characteristics of families in the
Indian Ocean region?
5.
What group was central to the functioning of the Silk
Road?
Trans-Saharan Trade
13. What forms did early Saharan cultures take?
6.
How did the Sasanids use the Silk Road to transmit
religion?
14. What items were traded along the first trans-Saharan
routes?
7.
What did the Sasanids and Byzantines have in common?
8.
What were the two major pieces of military technology
that spread from Central Asia abroad via the Silk Road,
changing warfare forever?
15. In what ways did Sub-Saharan groups share culture?
16. How did Bantu languages spread in Africa?
Indian Ocean Maritime System
9.
What were the 3 distinct regions that were part of the
Indian Ocean Maritime System?
17. What is the relationship between the Bantu migrations
and the spread of iron metallurgy?
Spread of Ideas
18. How did coinage appear in early civilizations?
19. What events helped spread Buddhism?
20. How did Christianity spread to Armenia and Ethiopia?
Core Questions
1. Identify the locations and to describe the participants and the major trade goods of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean,
and the trans-Saharan trade routes.
2. Define the term Africanity and explain the development of Africanity in terms of the Bantu migrations.
3. Analyze the relationship between environment, transportation technology, and trade along the Silk Road, Indian
Ocean, and trans-Saharan trade routes.
4. Discuss the causes and the patterns of the spread of Buddhism and Christianity.
Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.
 ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 8 – email to [email protected] or print your results & bring to class