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STUDY GUIDE FOR FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY TEST FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY • What field is forensic anthropology? • What is a forensic anthropologist? • What are some things that they do besides human identification? • What are the three fields in forensic anthropology? What do they do? • What is the first question that a forensic anthropologist asks? • What are some other questions that forensic anthropologists have? • How do you become a forensic anthropologist? • What can forensic anthropologists NOT do? BONE BASICS • Why are bones so useful to forensic anthropologists? • What are the two main components of the skeleton? • Why is it important to determine age before sex in a skeleton? • What are some functions of the skeleton? • How many sites of ossification does a fetus have? At birth? As an adult? • Why does the number of bones change throughout an individual’s lifetime? • What are the two main divisions of the skeleton? (they both begin with a) • What is the membrane that surrounds the bone called? • What else is bone made of? • There are two types of marrow? What are they and what do they do? • What are the parts of a long bone called? Where are they? • What are osteoblasts? What are osteoclasts? POSITIONING TERMS AND BONES • Know the planes: Coronal/Frontal, Transverse, Sagittal • Know the positioning terms: Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal • Know ALL the bones from your TEST FEATURES • Is it easier to tell age in an adult or subadult? Why? • What is the best way to tell age from fetus childhood? • What is the best way to tell age from childhood adolescence? • What is the best way to tell age in an adult? • When do the following sutures close (approximately): coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal? • What are some things to look for in a fully fused adult to determine age? • What in the innominate can be used to estimate age? • What happens to the mandible when the teeth are lost? • What is it called with there is degeneration at the joint surfaces? • Be able to read charts to estimate age? • Is it easier to tell sex in an adult or subadult? Why • Where is the best place to tell sex in the skeleton? • This structure is generally _________________ in females? • Know places in the skull that can be used in estimating sex. • Know places in the innominate that can be used in estimating sex. • How does the sacrum differ between a male and a female? • What are the three categories of race that forensic anthropologists use? • How would you tell the difference between the races in the skull? • What are some other things that you can read in the skeleton?