Download Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Lungs and Air Passages
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Take in O2
Removing CO2
4-6 minute supply of 02
Must work continuously
Nose
• 2 nostrils or nares
• Nasal septum
Nasal Cavities
• Lined with mucous
membrane
• Rich blood supply
• Mucous traps
pathogens and dirt
• Cilia
• Olfactory sensors
• Nasolacrimal ducts
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Hollow air-containing spaces
Cavities in skull around nasal area
Lined with mucous membrane
Provides resonance for the voice
• Nasopharynx
– Contains pharyngeal
tonsils or adenoids and
eustachian tube
openings
• Oropharynx
– Middle section behind
oral cavity
– Palatine tonsils
– Food and air
• Laryngopharynx
– Bottom section
– Branches into trachea
and esophagus
• Epiglottis
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi-two divisions of
the trachea near the
center of the chest
• Each enters a lung
• Continues to divide into
smaller bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Erythrocytes
• Lungs
• Diaphragm
Pathway of Air
Ventilation
• Process of breathing
• Respiration
– Diaphragm
– Intercostal muscles
• Two phases
– Inspiration
– Expiration
Respiration
• Inspiration + Expiration = Respiration
• Controlled by respiratory center in the
medulla oblongata
• Vital Sign
– 12-20 breaths/min.
– Chest rise and fall
Abnormal Breathing
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Dysp/nea
Ap/nea
Tach/yp/nea
Brad/yp/nea
Orth/op/nea
Cyanosis
Respiratory Suffixes
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-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax
condition
smell
breathing
spitting
pulse
chest, plural cavity
Disorders
• Asthma
– Sensitivity to allergen
• Symptoms
– Dyspnea & wheezing
– Coughing
– Tightness in chest
• Triggers
• Treatment
Disorders
• Chronic Bronchitis
• Etiological factors
– Smoking
– Infection
• Symptoms
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Excessive mucous
Wheezing & dyspnea
Chest pain
Prolonged expiration of air
• Treatment
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Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Respiratory Therapy
No cure
Disorders
• COPD
• Any chronic lung disease that results in
obstruction of the airways
• Smoking is primary cause; allergies and
chronic respiration infections are also factors
Disorders
• Emphysema
• Hyperinflation of air sacs
• Walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose elasticity
– CO2 is trapped
– Poor exchange of gases
• Causes
– Heavy smoking
– Prolonged exposure to air pollutants
Disorders
• Epistaxis (nosebleed)
• Occurs when capillaries become congested
• Causes
– Irritation of mucous membranes (allergies)
– Trauma
– Vitamin K deficiency
– Clotting abnormalities
– Hypertension
– Dehydration
Disorders
• Laryngitis
• Inflammation of larynx and vocal cords
• Frequently occurs with other respiratory
infections
• Symptoms
– Hoarseness or loss of voice
– Sore throat
– Dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)
Disorders
• Pleurisy
• Inflammation of pleura or membranes of the
lungs
• Usually occurs with pneumonia or other
infections
• Symptoms
– Sharp stabbing pain while breathing
– Capitation or grating sounds in lungs
– Dyspnea and fever
Disorders
• Pneumonia
• Inflammation and infection of the alveoli with a build
up of fluid or exudates
• Usually caused by a bacteria, virus or chemicals
• Symptoms
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Chills
Fever
Chest pain
Productive cough
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Disorders
• Tuberculosis
• Infectious disease of the lung caused by the bacterium
Myobacterium tuberculosis
• “TB”
• WBC surround invading TB organisms, wall them off
creating a nodule “tubercle”
– Organisms remain dormant
– Can cause an active case later is the body’s resistance is
lowered
• Symptoms
– Fatigue, chest pain, fever, night sweats, wt. loss
– Hemoptysis (coughing up blood-tinged sputum)