Download Chapter 31 sections 1 and 2 PowerPoint

Chapter 31 sections
1 and 2 PowerPoint
Communist China, South, and
Southeast Asia
China: Civil War and Its
Aftermath
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After WWII there were 2 governments
in China
Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists
in the Southern and Central regions of
China
Mao Zedong and the Communists in
the North
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai
Shek
VS
Civil War
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Full scale civil war followed
Promises of land attracted millions of
peasants to the Communist side
By 1949 the Communists had won the
war
Chiang Kai-Shek and two million
followers fled to the island of Taiwan.
Communists Rule
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Two thirds of all peasant households
received land
Most private farmland was collectivized in
order to increase farm production and free
up labor for industrial jobs.
Food production did not grow, but the
population increased to 657 million people
by 1957.
Great Leap Forward
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Great Leap Forward- an attempt to
speed up economic growth began in
1958.
700,000 smaller farms were combined
into 26,000 vast communes.
Women and men worked together in
the fields while child care was
provided for their children.
Long live the great leap
forward!
Did it work?
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This attempt failed due to poor
weather conditions, as well as low
morale.
Food production decreased, and this
led to a famine where nearly 15 million
people died of starvation.
By 1960 the government began
returning to the old system of
collective farming.
Cultural Revolution
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Mao believed permanent revolution
was necessary to achieve the final
stage of communism.
1966 he launched the “Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution”
He published a work of his ideas called
the Little Red Book. It was found in
every public place, school, and factory
throughout China
Cultural Revolution: Red Guards
Red guards were formed by Mao to enforce
his cultural revolution.
 These groups were made up of mostly
young people.
 They set out to destroy the FOUR OLDS
Old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old
habits.
 They destroyed temples, foreign books, art
work, and foreign music.

Burning books: Remind
you of anyone?
China After Mao
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Mao died in 1976 at
the age of 82
A group of practicalminded reformers led
by Deng Xiaoping
seized power and
ended the cultural
revolution
Policies of Deng Xiaoping
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1.
2.
3.
4.
He called for Four ModernizationsIndustrial Policies
Agricultural Policies
Technological Policies
National Defense Policies
What methods were used?
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First, China invited foreign investment into
their country to generate new industries
Second, thousands of Chinese students
were sent abroad to study science,
technology, and modern business
Finally, a new agricultural policy began.
Collective farms could lease land to
peasants. Peasants could also sell surplus
crops, and sell products that they made.
Successful?
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Modernization was a success
Per capita income doubled during the
1980s.
In the early 80’s, most Chinese could
not afford a bike, or a watch
By the 90’s most Chinese were buying
refrigerators and color T.V.s
Movement for Democracy
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Many Chinese wanted another modernizationDemocracy
Many students who went abroad learned
about Democracy and western ideas.
When they complained to the Communist
governments, they were usually jailed for long
periods of time.
Tiananmen Square
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Many people from the cities of China witnessed
corruption and preferential treatment for party
members.
In May of 1989, student protesters led protests
calling for old Communist leaders to resign.
Huge protests were held in Tiananmen Square in
Bejing.
Xiaoping sent troops to crush the protesters.
Between 500 and 2,000 people were killed and
many more injured.
Why do you believe the numbers of those killed
is not known?
Chinese Society
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Today Chinese society is more relaxed. People
can wear more western clothing, and buy
more consumer goods.
One goal still exists from Mao’s era:
Population control
1979, China began its one-child policy
Incentives such as education benefits, child
care, and housing were offered to those who
limited their families to 1 child.
Section 2
South and Southeast Asia
India Divided
 After
British rule, India’s
Muslims and Hindu’s were
bitterly divided.
 Leaders decided to divide India
into 2 countries: Pakistan for
Muslims and India for Hindus
The New India
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Jawaharlal Nehru led the Congress Party and
was the new President of India
He implemented many ideas, many based on
Britain’s labor party.
The state owned major industries, utilities,
and transportation
Private enterprise at the local level was
allowed, along with private farms.
Nonalignment
 The
principle of nonalignment was
a foreign policy where India did
not allign itself with either super
power during the cold war.
 After Nehru’s death, his daughter
Indira Ghandi took over
Problems
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Indira Ghandi, ruled from 1966-1984
India’s population grew by 2 percent each
year! This is a huge growth.
This led to wide spread poverty.
Millions of Indians lived in slums around
cities.
Mother Teresa, a Catholic nun, spent much
time helping the poor, sick and dying
Caste System
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India’s social classes were still broken
down into castes
The caste into which someone was born
determined their jobs and role in society.
If you were born into the lowest caste, you
would remain in poverty.
Today, discrimination based one’s caste is
illegal, yet it continues.
Ethnic conflict
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Sikhs- followers of both Muslim and
Hindu ideas lived in the northern
province of Punjab. They wanted
independence but Indira refused.
Today, there is still much tension
between Muslims and Hindus within
India, as well as between India and
Pakistan.
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Eventually she is
assassinated by
Sikhs.
Her son, Rajiv
took over, and
began transferring
many industries to
private hands.
This led to a large
increase in the
middle class
Pakistan
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Pakistan was originally split between
east and west Pakistan.
East Pakistan eventually becomes the
independent nation of Bangladesh.
Pakistan and Bangladesh have had
difficulty sustaining stable
governments
Both nations are also very poor.
Philippines and Indonesia
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In the Philippines, 2 leaders have recently
been removed from office.
In 1986, Ferdinand Marcos was forced to
flee the nation on charges of corruption
Another leader, Joseph Estrada was forced
out in 2001 on charges of corruption.
The president today is Gloria Arroyo
Problems today
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The new leader faces many new obstacles
in the Philippines
The economy of the Philippines has been hit
very hard by the worldwide economic crisis
Terrorism is also a major problem
Muslim rebels on the island of Mindanao
have used terror in an attempt to gain
independence