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The Drainage Basin System St. Michael’s RC School The water cycle St. Michael’s RC School The water cycle St. Michael’s RC School The drainage basin St. Michael’s RC School The drainage basin precipitation interception evapotranspiration infiltration percolation water table river St. Michael’s RC School Drainage basin system inputs precipitation stores and flows outputs interception river runoff surface water storage evaporation surface runoff transpiration infiltration soil water storage throughflow percolation groundwater storage groundwater flow St. Michael’s RC School Match the drainage basin terms to the correct definitions! transpiration Water is released through stomata (pores) in the leaves Watervapour is stored on leaves andthe branches of vegetation interception Water is flows stored horizontally on leavesthrough and branches the rockofinto vegetation the river throughflow Water flows turns from horizontally water droplets throughinto the water soil into vapour the river percolation Water flows through the soil and rocks seepsvertically into the ground infiltration groundwater flow Water seeps flows horizontally into the ground through the soil into the river Water flows ishorizontally through the rock into the river Water vapour released through the stomata (pores) in the leaves evaporation Water turns flows from horizontally water droplets over theinto landwater into the vapour river surface runoff Water flows horizontally vertically through over the theland soil and into rocks the river St. Michael’s RC School Which of the following are inputs, processes and outputs? St. Michael’s RC School Tributary (a river which joins a larger river) Watershed (the boundary dividing one drainage basin from another) Catchment (the area from which water drains into a particular drainage basin) Confluence (the point at which two rivers join) St. Michael’s RC School Match the label to the correct letter Watershed c Confluence Tributary b Source d a St. Michael’s RC School Hydrographs Hydrographs are graphs which show discharge (the amount of water passing a particular point in a river at a particular time). Geology and soil Gradient of the valley sides What affects the shape of a hydrograph? Type and amount of precipitation Land use St. Michael’s RC School How do trees reduce flooding? trees intercept the rain evapotranspiration reduces the amount of water that reaches the river water is taken through the roots and so less enters the river St. Michael’s RC School Hydrographs Peak discharge Rising limb Falling limb storm flow normal (base) flow Peak rainfall Lag time = Peak discharge (hrs) - Peak rainfall (hrs) St. Michael’s RC School Hydrographs a b The hydrographs ‘a’ and ‘b’ have been produced from the same storm event but from different drainage basins. Which of the following river basin descriptions are more likely to have produced hydrograph ‘a’ and which are more likely to produced hydrograph ‘b’? Chalk bedrock Impermeable bedrock Deforested river basin Rural area Urban area Clay soil Gentle valley gradients St. Michael’s RC School
