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Personality II Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. Defensive Mechanisms Repression Regression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Displacement Sublimation Projective Tests Goal: present ambiguous stimulus and ask test-takers to describe it or tell a story about it. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) or CAT Draw a person, Draw a family, Sentence Stem Rorschach Inkblot test – 1921 Hermann Rorschach 10 inkblots reflects our inner feelings and conflicts. For example … if we see predatory animals or weapons, we infer that we have aggressive tendencies. Projective Tests Issues Reliability Validity Universal agreement – not very good. Training issues Nonetheless … used widely. Neo-Freudians Neo-Freudians accepted basic ideas: the personality structures of the id, ego, and superego; the importance of the unconscious; the shaping of personality in childhood; and the dynamics of anxiety and the defense mechanisms. They did veer away from Freud in 2 important ways: the role of the conscious mind nd they doubted that sex and aggression were all-consuming motivations. Alfred Adler & Karen Horney The role of childhood. Social; not sexual. Carl Jung Jung = the unconscious contains more than our repressed thoughts and feelings. He believed we also have a collective unconscious – a common reservoir of images derived from our species’ universal experiences. Freud critique Freud did not have access to all that we have learned about human development, thinking and emotion. Freud’s legacy Nonetheless, Freud’s legacy continues on. Some of his ideas are enduring.