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Enlightenment Scientific Revolution Quote of the Day • Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former. • - Albert Einstein Objectives • List the circumstances that led to the scientific revolution • Summarize the heliocentric theory • Describe the scientific method and its importance in different fields • Explain Newton’s law of gravity Essential Question • In what ways has the scientific revolution changed society? Scientific Revolution New way of Thinking • Ideas based upon careful observation • Willingness to question accepted beliefs Combination of discoveries and circumstances • Classical manuscripts • Disagreements between Ancient scholars • New Discoveries New sciences • Mathematics • Astronomy Model of the Universe Heliocentric Theory Nicolaus Copernicus - concluded that the stars, the earth, and other planets revolved around the sun • Johannes Kepler - proved the planets evolve around the sun in an elliptical Galileo • Law of the pendulum • Objects that are heavier will fall at the same speed as lighter objects • Discovered 4 moons of Jupiter • Moon and stars were not made of perfect substances Conflict with the church • Teachings contradicted the church • Supported Copernican theory • Galileo forced to face inquisition Scientific Method • Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas • Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes Francis Bacon • Criticized the way ancient scholars arrived at their conclusions. • Urged scientist to experiment Rene Descartes • – Believed that everything should be doubted until proven • “I think therefore I am” Law of Gravity • Isaac Newton • All physical objects are effected equally by the same force Law of Universal Gravity • Every object in the universe attracts every other object • The degree of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them Universal Clock • Universe is like a giant clock • Parts work together • God is the clock maker Spread of the Scientific Revolution Scientific Instruments Developed to make precise observations Microscope Mercury Barometer Thermometer • Scale of Celsius Fahrenheit scale Medicine • Proved wrong by Andreas Versalius and William Harvey • Small pox vaccination – 1700’s created from cowpox Chemistry • Robert Boyle • Challenged idea of four elements – earth, wind, fire, water. • Atom - Tiny particle that join together in different ways Joseph Priestly • Discovered oxygen
