Download History of Canada after the Fall of New France

History of Canada after the
Fall of New France
1774-1834
Today’s Topics
1774 - Quebec Act
1775 - American Invasion of Canada
1776-1783 - American Revolution
1791 - Constitutional Act
1812 - 1815 - War of 1812
1834 - Upper/Lower Canada issues
Quebec Act - 1774
An Act of the Parliament of Great Britain.
The oath of allegiance was replaced with one that no
longer made reference to the Protestant faith.
It guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith
Territory - Expanded to take over much of the Indian
Territory.
Allowed a mix of French civil law and English
common law. Civil law is based off of tradition and
precedences while common law is more flexible to the
current standards.
Province of Quebec
Eastern North America
American
Revolutionary War
1776-1783
Dec 31, 1775 - American
Invasion
American Manifest Destiny
During this time in history, the 13 British Colonies who
represented what is now USA, were lurking for independence.
The objective for this campaign was to capture the province of
Quebec and convince the French speaking people to join their
side.
The battle was fought at Quebec City and was the first defeat for
the American Continental Army.
It came at a great cost to the Continental Army as 50 we killed,
34 wounded, and 341 captured, while the protectors of Quebec
only has 5 killed and 14 wounded.
American Revolutionary War
In the 13 colonies, people were separated into two groups: Americans
and Loyalists.
During the early 1770s, the British began taxing the 13 colonies. This
angered the colonists and a small battle broke out between
Massachusetts and Britain.
Tempers flared and the British soon occupied all of Massachusetts.
Upset colonists boarded at British ship full of tea and dumped it all into
the ocean. This became known as the Boston Tea Party.
On July 4, 1776 the 13 colonies separated from the British Crown and
declared the United States of America with the Declaration of
Independence.
Britain did not like this and war ensued. 7 years later the British were
defeated and the 13 colonies officially became the United States of
Treaty of Paris - 1783
*Second Treaty of Paris* (Both Important to Canada)
This was the end of the American Revolutionary War
and was signed between the Americans and Great
Britain.
10 Key Agreements. Below are important to Canada.
#1. United States completely sovereign.
#2. Established boundaries between BNA and USA.
North America after the
Revolutionary War
American Revolution Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_comGBmnYew
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwWi0zdF7wk
Constitutional Act - 1791
The Quebec Act in 1774 ensured the French people would have
some of their orders, traditions, and religions maintained.
The two groups involved were the Loyalists (British) and
Quebecois. Unlike the Americans, Canadians were happy to
remain loyal with the British.
These two groups had to reach an accommodation about the
organization of society.
The Loyalists wouldn’t accept the provisions of the Quebec Act
so the Constitutional Act was created.
The Act created two colonies: Upper and Lower Canada.
Upper-Lower Canada Constitutional Act
This act gave each colony an appointed governor. The
governor was advised by executive and legislative councils
who were appointed for life. There was also a legislative
assembly elected by a few male voters. Britain hoped this
would solve the issue of responsible government.
The government quickly became elites who represented
powerful economic interests, so they weren’t necessarily
the best government for middle class people.
This act created two groups: Loyalists (Ontario) and
Quebecois (Quebec)
Upper - Lower Canada
Upper-Lower Canada
Lower Canada - Quebec - Chateau Clique
Upper Canada - Ontario - Family Compact
Problems
$$ spent to build canals to ship commercial goods
rather than roads to ship agricultural goods.
The rural agricultural class felt its interests were
constantly being ignored by the government.
Caused tension between rural and urban.
Upper-Lower Canada
Upper Canada (Family Compact) used its power to
preserve the Anglican Church despite the fact that the
majority was Methodist.
In Lower Canada, the English speaking elite controlled
business and used its political connections to dominate
the French majority
Obviously the French (lower Canada) did not like this.
Lower Canada wanted a legislative assembly where the
Governor was accountable to the elected assembly to
protect their culture.
Reform in Quebec
The Quebec (Lower Canada) reform movement was
led by Louis Joseph Papineau.
Papineau’s supporters wanted radical political
change.
They formed the Fils de la Liberte. (Sons of Liberty)
Reform in Quebec
A small fight broke out between the two groups (Upper & Lower), and troops were send to
arrest Papineau and his supporters for disturbing the peace. Papineau soon lost support and
fled to the U.S. Papineau’s rebellions collapsed quite quickly.
In Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie, became the leader of the radicals (English)
They were unhappy, because the systems of government were run by the elites.
In 1837, Mackenzie decided that the system was so corrupt that it needed to be overthrown.
Mackenzie’s revolt was a disaster and he fled to the US.
Oligarchy Versus Republicanism.
Mackenzie was the first mayor of Toronto and was thrown out of office 5 times.
He wanted a direct democracy model of governance, while most wanted a system based on
British Parliamentary traditions. This did not work in Canada. Too many people’s interests
were involved and pleasing people in a brand new country would not be possible with old
methods of governance.
Reform in Upper Canada
A Canadian rejection to republicanism.
Canada was currently running on an oligarchical
system. This means a small group of people running
a country.
The farmers and non-elites did not want this.
Republicanism was the model the United States had
and people felt it was a good system.
Remaining an oligarchy was about keeping faith with
the crown.
The War of 1812 (-1815)
War between the new country of USA and the British Colonies
to the north.
Canada had the support of Britain and therefore had an
enormous army and navy to back them.
Laura Secord - In 1813 she heard of a planned American attack
at Beaver Dams near Niagara Falls. She ran roughly 32km early
the next day to warn the British. The British and Mohawk tribes
were able to better prepare for the attack and ended up either
killing or capturing almost all British soldiers.
August 1814 - Burning of Washington
War of 1812
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0Kbn8hFT1Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pf-nZZg3iBw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ety2FEHQgwM
Change
What types of change did we see today?
1841 - Province of Canada
Canada East and Canada West