Download Defense of Fort McHenry

Jefferson Farewell
Enter James Madison
Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term
Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State
Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the
Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No.
51)
Considered the most important contributor
to the Constitution
Also the shortest President
What are some major events
leading to The War of 1812?
US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was
seized.
Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe
France confiscated cargo from licensed ships
Impressment of American sailors
Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens
and deserted British vessels and joined American
crews.
British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American
ships and had them rejoin the British Navy
What are some major events
leading to The War of 1812?
Economic Diplomacy
Fails
Embargo Act of 1807
halted all trade with Europe
Embargo is a government
ban on trade with other
countries
Embargo was unpopular in
port cities, especially in the
North
What was Madison’s role leading
up to The War of 1812?
Non-Intercourse Act
Forbade trade with France and Britain; however
President could reopen trade when either
France or Britain lifted restrictions
Was this successful? Why or Why not
War Hawks
Southern congressmen favored war, even
though it hurt the east
Why did the War Hawks want war?
What were some of the benefits
of going to war with Britain?
To allow reopening of trade
National Pride
To stop the impressment of sailors
CANADA!!!
What were some drawbacks to
going to war?
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
Military was small
Standing Army was small
Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not
like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small only 22 ships
Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us
like a bug and we could lose territory that was
gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana
Purchase
Declaration of War
June of 1812 Madison
asked Congress for
declaration of war
Vote was split along
regional lines
War started with
Invasion of Canada
Key Battles
US Burns York (now Toronto)
US figured the Canadians would welcome the
Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain
from North America…this did not happen
Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie
This gave the US control of Lake Erie
Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard
This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the
war more unpopular in the Northeast
Indians Fight Back
Since American Revolution land hungry white settlers flow
into mid North west (present day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan)
Indian land becoming cluttered with white man’s cabins,
crops & towns
Following defeat at Fallen Timbers, Indians become
humiliated & hopeless
Many turn to alcohol. White man diseases decimating Indian
populations.
Indian people and culture in danger of extinction
Tension flaring between white settlers and Indians
Horrors of pillage, scalping, torture..these were a reality on
frontier
The times called for a new leader.
Tecumseh
Shawnee Indian
One of greatest Indian leaders of all time
No pictures were made of him during lifetime
No accounts in his own words were left behind
Visionary, revered, inspiring leader
Indian way of life would continue at any cost
Indians east of Mississippi will hold onto land
Mission to form alliance of ALL Indians-a
Native Confederacy from Great Lakes-Mexico
…Tecumseh
Joins forces with British
He is key factor in Brit’s defense of Canada
He joined British to protect Native Americans’
interests, not to aid British war efforts
Killed in 1813 at Battle of Moraviantown
Burial place is a mystery.
Believed only Shawnee descendents know
location, guarded from outsiders
video clip
Dolley Madison
first First Lady
Changed face of presidency
Charming yet will of fire
Saw being First Lady as full time
job
Very public, graceful and
feminine
Saves GW portrait from the burning
Of the White House
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/dolley/player/
The Roof is on Fire…
In August 1814,
British Forces Sailed
into Chesapeake Bay
and capture
Washington D.C.
They burn the White
House and the
Capitol
Madison and
Congress Barely
escape
O say can you see…
Fort McHenry- Baltimore, Maryland
Star-shaped fort built after Amer.
Rev to defend Baltimore port from
future attacks
The Battle….
British believe Baltimore to be vital port city
Unlike D.C., Baltimore was ready for the British
British war ships continuously bombarded the
fort for 25 hours
British had lots of ammo and power but they
were not very accurate
British fired rockets and mortars on the fort
British cease attack on the morning of Sept 14
1000 Americans defended vs. 4,500 British
Francis Scott Key
Lawyer
Key was on ship waiting to
meet with British to negotiate
the release of a prisoner
After the battle, in the
morning the tattered flag was
still waving. He was inspired
& wrote the poem now
known as the Star-spangled
banner.
…flag was still there.
Poem was originally titled Defense of Fort McHenry
Flag still hangs in Smithsonian (Amer. History Museum)
It was accepted as such by public demand for the next century or so, but became even more
accepted as the national anthem during the World Series of Baseball in 1917 when it was sung in
honor of the brave armed forces fighting in the Great War. The World Series performance moved
everyone in attendance, and after that it was repeated for every game. Finally, on March 3, 1931,
the American Congress proclaimed it as the national anthem, 116 years after it was first written.
Treaty of Ghent….Peace
Ghent is in Belgium
Treaty was Negotiated in
Europe and was signed on
Dec. 24, 1814 ending the
war of 1812
The War ended in a
stalemate, where no party
gained or lost any
territory.
The issue of impressment
was not addressed, but
faded on its own.
Battle of New Orleans
Fought after the treaty was
signed (but not ratified)
Why was New Orleans
important?
Pirates and Frontiersman
fought alongside US
troops
Made Andrew Jackson a
National hero and
household name
Ensured treaty ratification
If The War of 1812 ended in a
tie, why was it important?
Gave the United States a National Identity
We were able to hold our own against the
British
Started us thinking about continuing westward
expansion
Ended bad feelings toward the British
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the
Western Frontiersmen
Hartford Convention
New England considers secession
Gathering of New England Federalists to discuss states’
rights
War of 1812 was very unpopular w/ commercial New
England
Propose Constitutional Amendments against the South &
West
By the time they arrive in DC to make their
recommendations the war was over.
both Hartford Convention and Federalist Party became
synonymous with disunion, secession, and treason,
especially in the South. The party was ruined, and survived
only in a few localities for several more years before
vanishing entirely.
Activity
Rewrite /paraphrase the National Anthem in
your own words
Create a poster for “flag etiquette”
Illustrate the Star-Spangled Banner
Create product displaying both sides of
controversial issue of “flag burning”