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Psychology 111 Grading and Course Conduct Course Objectives Introduction to psychological content and perspective Familiarity with scientific methodology and reasoning Awareness of the relationship of theory, research, and generalizations Ethics and inclusiveness Communication skills Student Assessment Unit Exams (60%); best 3 of 4 Final Exam (15%); take-home critical thinking essay Writing Assignments (15%) Experiencing Psychology Labs and Discussions (10%) Letter Grade Determination At mid point and course close, weighted average will be computed, e.g., Weighted %age= [(.50 x exam average) + (.15 x final score) + (.20 x Assign. avg.) + (.15 x lab average)] Weighted %age then translated into letter grade by ‘90-80-70-60’ criteria But what does a grade mean? “A” distinctly superior performance “B” consistently above average performance “C” average performance “D” consistently below average performance “F” failing performance Grades are not a reflection of your personal worth, but my assessment of your performance Important Class Policies First Amendment-level protections of free speech Question, Question, Question (Skeptical Inquiry) This class first, illness, sports, debate, choir, music, travel, friends, family second Not that these things are unimportant… Performance, not effort, is measured and evaluated Some Intangibles for All Your Classes Civility enhances learning. Your enthusiasm is contagious Be involved in class. The "too cool for school" posture is unacceptable and offensive When a fellow student speaks, it is not an opportunity to "tune out," take a break, or start a conversation Dress appropriately for class. Never close your books or rustle your papers to signal the end of class Don't wait until it's "too late" to seek help Come to my office hours with definite questions, concerns, or problems in mind Never ask "Did I miss anything important in class the other day?” Of Course You Did! Regardless of what you might think, grading is not easy, nor do Profs take sadistic pleasure in it What is Psychology? Psychology as a Natural Science and a Social Science As a natural science, psychology involves the study of the laws of nature. As a social science, psychology involves the study of the laws of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of humans and other organisms. The Evolution of Ideas Dialectic Thesis Antithesis Synthesis Psychological Perspectives: The 1850s and Beyond The Merging of Philosophy and Physiology Into Modern Psychology (1850–1900) Psychology’s Youth: A Study in Diverging Perspectives Structuralism, Functionalism, Pragmatism, and Associationism: Studying Behavior, Not Mental States Evolving Twentieth-Century Perspectives on Psychology From Associationism to Behaviorism Behaviorism—A Search for Rigor and Reduction Gestalt Psychology: The Whole is Different Cognitivism: Returning to Mental Acts Current Frontiers: Biological and Evolutionary Psychology—The Brain and Body Reunited (Sort Of) Psychodynamic Psychology: Conscious Behavior as the Tip of the Iceberg Humanistic Psychology Interest in psychological topics is ubiquitous 1879: Establishment of 1st laboratory for Psychological Study in Leipzig Wm. Wundt: Goal was the identification of “mental elements”; a “periodic table of sensory events” Structuralism Functionalism Typically American emphasis on purposes and application Key Question: What is consciousness for? Emphasis on adaptation Conceptually related to Evolutionary theory Wm. James ‘stream of consciousness’ Behaviorism Even more ‘typically American’ in its emphasis on practical applications Restricted psychological topics to observable events Brought psychology away from speculative treatises to observing measurable events John B. Watson Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud Emphasis on unconscious processes evidenced through behavior Used a ‘clinical method’ in which hypotheses are evaluated by patient behavior Gestalt Emphasized the unity of consciousness and perceptual events Focused on identifying perceptual rules such as… Good Continuation Closure Proximity Where are the schools now? No psychologist would be an adherent to any particular school Best seen as progenitors to current psychological interests Psychoanalysis Clinical Practice BehaviorismLearning Gestalt, Structuralism Sensation and Perception FunctionalismCognition