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Endocrine &
Reproductive
System Notes
Endocrine System
• Consists of the glands that release
their products (hormones) into the
bloodstream
• These products deliver messages
throughout the body
• Hormones – chemicals released in
one part of the body that affect the
activities of cells in other parts of the
body
Endocrine System
Types of Glands:
1. Pituitary – secretes 9 hormones that
regulate many body functions
2. Pineal gland – controls daily sleep-wake
cycles
3. Hypothalamus – controls secretions of
the pituitary
4. Thyroid – regulates the body’s
metabolism
Endocrine System
Types of Glands:
5. Parathyroid – works with thyroid to
maintain homeostasis of calcium levels in
blood
6. Adrenal – releases hormones that help the
body prepare for and deal with stress
7. Pancreas – helps maintain blood sugar
levels
8. Reproductive Glands – produce sex
hormones; ovaries in females; testes in
males
Endocrine
System
Picture
Reproductive System
• Reproduction is the formation of new
individuals
• The reproductive system produces, stores
and releases specialized sex cells known
as gametes
• Puberty – period of rapid growth and
sexual maturation during which the
reproductive system becomes fully
functional; hormones are released to start
this process
Male Reproductive System
• Consists of testes, urethra and penis
for males
• Main function is to produce and
deliver sperm
• Sperm cells are made from the
process of meiosis, which means
they are haploid – contains only a
single set of chromosomes
Female Reproductive System
• Consists of ovaries, Fallopian tubes,
uterus and vagina for females
• Main function is to produce ova
(eggs), which are haploid, meaning
they contain only one set of
chromosomes
• Females have another responsibility the uterus nurtures and protects the
developing embryo (organism in the
early stages of development)
Fertilization
• Fertilization – the process of a sperm
joining an egg
• After the 2 haploid nuclei (one from
the sperm & one from the egg) fuse, a
single diploid nucleus is formed
• The fertilized egg produced is called a
zygote
Picture of Zygote Formation
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