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Hauora
Total Wellbeing
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3.1 Achievement Standard 90739 v 2
Apply knowledge to plan a physical activity
programme or experience.
Credits 3
Hauora –Total Wellbeing
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Participate in physical activities
Individual sports
Team sports
Fitness activities
Describe how this influences
hauora/wellbeing
By describing the following:
Hauora - taha tinana [physical
wellbeing], taha hinengaro [mental and
emotion wellbeing], taha whanau [social
wellbeing] and
tahu wairua [spiritual wellbeing].
Consequences of neglect.
Benefits of, and barriers to, physical
activity.
Haoura
Is a Maori physilosophy of health unique to New Zealand.
It consists of a number of dimensions.
Total wellbeing
Taha whanauSocial well-being
Taha hinengaroMental and Emotional
well-being
Taha wairuaSpiritual well-being
Taha tinanaPhysical well-being
Whare tapawha model of hauora
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Each of the four concepts of hauora is represented by a side of
the whare [ house ].
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All the dimensions work together to give us total wellbeing. Each
aspect cannot function alone.- they overlap with all the other
aspects of hauora. All aspects work together to form a whole and
well rounded individual.
Consequences of neglect
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All four sides of the whare tapawha are needed to support each
other. When one wall is weak and collapses, the structure of the
house suffers and the house will fall down or not provide sufficient
shelter.
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Like wise with human beings-any weakness in a certain area will
lead to an unhealthy and unbalanced individual.
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When certain aspects of hauora are not fulfilled there can be
negative consequences.
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When physical well-being is neglected, a person can lose the ability
to function properly and show signs of illness.
Consequences of neglect cont.
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When social wellbeing is neglected, a person can become isolated
and without support.
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If mental and emotional wellbeing is neglected, a person lacks the
ability to make good decisions and does not think properly.
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If spiritual wellbeing is neglected, an individual can become
disillusioned with their life and lacks motivation.
Aspects of hauora
When certain aspects of hauora are neglected, negative consequences result.
Link the neglected aspects of hauora with their negative consequences.
Aspects of hauora
Negative consequences of
neglect
1. Physical wellbeing- taha tinana
a.
Overweight
2. Mental and emotional wellbeing
taha hinengaro
b
Negative thoughts
3. Social wellbeing – taha whanau
c
Breakdown of families
4. Spiritual wellbeing – taha wairua d
Lack of direction
e
Sickness
f
Psychiatric illness
g
Nope hope
h
Loneliness
Personal wellbeing test
Copy the following hauora pie graph
Spiritual
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Social
Emotional/mental
Physical
Personal well-being test
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Following are four aspects of hauora, with four statements
associated with each aspect.
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Use the following criteria to fill in your pie graph.
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Use a different colour for each aspect of hauora [ eg. Red for
spiritual, blue for physical]
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If you agree with a statement[ ie. It does apply to you], then shade
the relevant section of the pie graph strongly.
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If you disagree with a statement [ ie. It does not apply to you], then
shade the relevant section of the pie graph lightly.
Aspect of Hauora – Spiritual wellbeing.
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1. I am at peace with myself most of the time
2. I have tried to figure out what happens when I die
3. I do have an idea of how I came to exist
4. I think about and discuss my personal values
Aspect of Hauora – Mental / Emotional
wellbeing
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5. I remove negative thoughts from my mind
6. I recognise things I have achieved in
7. I am good at expressing my feelings
8. I think I am capable of achieving whatever I want to
Aspect of Hauora – Physical wellbeing
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9. I complete cardiovascular exercise 3-4 times per week.
10. I eat a balanced diet with variety and not much fat.
11. I am good at getting to sleep and I don’t often feel tired.
12. I usually remember to wash my hands and clean my teeth.
Aspect of Hauora – Social wellbeing.
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13. I have lots of friends that support me when needed.
14. I help others in need when I see them in difficulty.
15. I deal with people politely and treat them with respect.
16. I tend to involve myself with others when in a group.
If your pie graph is primarily dark coloured in a particular area, there
is a chance you have good health in that aspect of total wellbeing.
If your pie graph is primarily light coloured in a particular area, there
is a chance you are in poor health in that aspect of total wellbeing.
Benefits of participating in physical activity
Why people participate in physical activity
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Physical needs.
Developing physical fitnesss
and skills
Maintaining a healthy body
weight
Mental / Emotional
needs
Expressing feeling and
emotion
Self esteem and making
decisions
Social needs
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Socialising with others
Being part of a team
Spiritual needs
Personal identity and
confidence.
Enjoyment, appreciation of
surroundings and challenge
Barriers to participation in physical activity
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Experiencing physical discomfort when participating in physical
activity
Finding it difficult to make time for physical activity.
Not having enough financial resources to participate in physical
activity.
Feeling that they do not fit in, or they are to fat to participate in
physical activity.
Lack of motivation
EXCUSES Mark next to each one to indicate whether or not it is an
excuse you have ever used when you have not been motivated to do something
My favourite excuses for not doing things are..
Yes
I’ll do it tomorrow
No one will care whether I do this or not
It can wait
Someone else will do it
I’m tired I will do it in the morning when I am fresh
I will do it after I have watched this programme
I will do this when I know I will succeed
People will laugh
I might fail
No
Joining a Sports Club
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Positive Factors
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Negative Factors
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People present can encourage
and motivate
Access to good quality
facilities.
Coaching assistance available
to help improve skills and
enjoyment.
Benefit of socialising with
others. Meet new people and
make friends.
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Costs money
Have to purchase uniform.
Unfamilar surroundings and
people.
Can experience harassment or
nastiness.
No flexibility in training or
game times
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Steps to joining a sports club
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Look for groups/ clubs in the yellow pages or on the internet.
Alternatively, contact your local sports trust or SPARC [ Sport and
Recreation Council]
Contact a local club in your area to find out about grades, costs, and
time commitment.
Attend a couple of training sessions to find out if the sport meets
your requirements.
Purchase the necessary equipment [make enquires about second
hand gear].
Attend all training sessions and games.
Make an effort to try your hardest and get to know people.
Ask for assistance, where necessary, to improve your performance.
Barriers to Physical Activity
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5.
6.
7.
Activity.
Suggest a solution to each barrier
of physical activity that follows
I do not have the right clothing
I feel like I am fat
It costs to much money
People are better at it than me
I do not have enough time
It is to far away
I do not know anyone there.
Ideas for increasing physical activity
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Develop routines such as going for an
evening walk..
Incorporate incidental activity into your
lifestyle [ using the stairs instead of the lift].
Get involved in social sport.
Have posters of lean athletes around the
home.
Watch programmes/ videos of elite athletes
for motivation.
Make a contract with someone close to you
about what you want to achieve with both
your exercise programmes.
Get a training partner and work together
Set weekly goals.
Get regular testing to monitor progress
Physical activity and its influence on taha
tinana – physical wellbeing
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Makes muscles stronger and
more flexible.
Improves the ability of the
heart and lungs to pump
blood and oxygen around the
body.
Maintains joint and muscle
function which allows people
to move more easily.
Reduces disease and illness.
Maintains a healthy body
weight by burning fat and
maintaining muscle.
Maintaining a healthy body weight
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Energy balance.
Percentage of total daily energy expenditure.
Daily nutrition- Fat 25 %, Carbohydrates 60%, and
Proteins 15%
How much energy do I need in a day?
Two main Factors determine individual energy
requirements
a. Basal Metabolic Rate [BMR] = The energy required
to keep your body functioning. Eg. Brain function,
heart beating
b. Energy expenditure in physical activity/ exercise.
Physical activity and its influence on taha
hinengaro - mental and emotional well-being
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Feelings and Emotions.
Feelings and emotions can be described as the mood state a person is in after a
situation has occurred.
Emotions can often have a physical reation attached to them, such as sweating, hot
flushes, or change in heartbeat.
Participating in physical activity can expose individuals to intense emotional states as
well as teach them how to control their emotions
The emotional state that a person is in during physical activity can have drastic
affects on the way they deal with the situation.
The feelings and emotions that a person experiences when participating in physical
activiity can range from peace tranquility [tramping] to extreme rage and contempt
[conflict on the sports field]
Emotions have a powerful effect on the way people view a situation.
Sometimes, a person’s perception can be totally different than reality.
The way in which a person expresses their emotions is a valuable lesson that can be
learnt through participation in physical activity.
Peace
Happiness
Anger
Sadness
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Calm emotions
Intense emotions
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Peace
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Occurs`when every one in the
group is in harmony with each
other
It allows people to get on with
each other.
Associated with good times.
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Sadness
Defined as sorrow in someone’s
life
Can be displayed as silence,
crying or other expressions
Usually occurs`when something
doesnot go well.
Losing an important game, losing
a close friend.
Feelings and Emotions
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Happiness
Defined as joy in someones life
Can be displayed with song,
shouts and other expressions.
Usually occurswhen things go
well. Winning an important game
, seeing a close friend after a long
time.
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Anger
Intense emotion can occur as
result of differences between
people
Disagreeing with a team mate or
referee, experiencing foul play or
being angry at youself for not
playing well.
Experiencing Feelings
Activity
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Explain what feelings a person
might experience in the following
physical activity situations.
Walking alone along a deserted
beach.
Missing the final shot at goal,
costing the team victory.
Winning the club final
Being awarded player of the day.
Being sent off during a game.
Feelings continuum.
Describe what feeling a person might feel
in the following situations and then
suggest strategies of
communicating these feelings
constructively
Situation
1.Comforting
a teammate
who caused
the team to
lose their
game
2.Confronting
a person that
abused a
teammate.
3.Having
gossip that is
not true
being spread
by a
teammate
Feeling
[sadness,
anger
etc..]
Strategies of
Constructive
communication
Self Esteem
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Self esteem is the way someone feels aboout themselves.
Affects peoples` whole way of life, from how well they present
themselves to what type of challenges they set for themselves[ eg.
Career prospects, friends they have and activities they participate in].
Self esteem is the way we look at ourselves compared to others.
Self esteem involves our thoughts about what others probably think of
us and who we are. This is based on how others treat us in terms of
their approval or disaproval of what we are doing and the respect they
have for us.
People often base their self esteem on how they compare to others.
This leads to people competing against others and making others feel
bad in order for a person’s self esteem to be approved. This is a
dangerous attitude no one has control over what others do and there
will always be someone that is as good or better than you.
Self esteem shoud be based upon how a person feels about
themselves and their own achievements.
Everone has different goals and should set their hopes on making the
most of what they have.
Self Esteem
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2.
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4.
Activity
Self esteem affects people in many
ways – the kind of friends they
have, their motivation, integrety,
consideration of others, leadership
potential.
List three things you like about
yourself.
Who are some of the people in your
life who make you feel good about
yourself? Describe two things they
do to make you feel this way.
Discuss some things that you have
done in the past to give you a sense
of accomplishment or achievement.
Copy the following table and rate
each of the following factors on
what effect they have on your self
esteem.
Factor
None
Hardly
at all
little
lots
How much money
do I have
0
1
2
3
Type of clothes
I wear
0
1
2
3
How many
teams we beat
0
1
2
3
The class I am
in at school
0
1
2
3
What others
think of me
0
1
2
3
How popular I
am
0
1
2
3
The suburb I
live in
0
1
2
3
How many
friends I have
0
1
2
3
Effects of Self- Esteem
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High Self-esteem
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Results in increased motivation
Involvement in learning.
Successful performance in
relationships
Assertiveness improves self esteem
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Low Self-esteem
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Binge eating on junk food
Drinking excess alcohol
Taking drugs
Problems with anger
Negative thoghts and talk about
others and onesself
Inability to show love and
affection
People are desperate to win
approval of others.
There fore are easily influenced
by others opinion inorder to fit
in even if the results are
antisocial
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Characteristics.
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Happy
Content with life
Take on challenges
Confident
Show love and affection
Speak positively about themselves
and others.
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Effects upon Self - Esteem
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Divide the following behaviours under two headings
1. Effects of positive self-esteem and
2. Effects of negative self-esteem
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Acting tough
Trying to learn a new sport
Getting drunk
Being aggressive towards others
Giving another person a complement
Making friends with someone you do not know
Self Esteem
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Self esteem can
be enhanced through
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participation in physical
activity when:
participating in physical
activity when:
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Skills improve
Positive contributions are
made to a group performance.
Support and encouragement
are received from others.
Success is experienced in
ones own or teams
performance [ scoring a goal or
winning the game]
Self esteem can
be damaged through
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Skills do not improve
Contribution is not made to a
group performance
Harassment or
discouragement are received
from others
Failure is experienced in ones
own or team performance
[missing a shot causing the
team to lose].
Developing thinking stategies and making
decisions
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Participation in physical activity allows individuals and groups to
develop thiniking stategies and make decisions that will allow
them to succeed.
Strategies and tactics involve using plans or patterns of play in a
cooperative situation
Team sports based around possession of the ball
Offence / Defence.
Good decision making involves the problem being identified.
Why is the team losing?
Once the problem has been identified all relevant information
must be collected. This is achieved through the following
sources:
Opposition strengths and weaknesses
Team strengths weaknessess and strengths
Principals of offence and defence
Imput from coach and experienced players
Situation in the game
Decision Making
Identify the problem.
Assess activity situation
Team unable to defend against opposition scoring points
Gather information.
Venue, opposition, position of strong player in our team,
team mates, coaches, who the opposition is using to attack our goal,
progress in the game, advice from coach and experienced players.
Select alternatives
Place an extra player back to defend, put two defenders on their
best player, make positional changes to match abilities
Determine consequences
Make it harder for them to move the ball,
leaves an opponent unmarked, matches players according to ability
Choose best alternative
Take action
Make position change to match abilities
Players change position and match up to opposition according to ability
Evaluate action taken
If action successful leave in place and modify accordingly to
needs . If action taken was unsuccessful, information needs to be feed back into the above
process and another alternative identified and actioned
Physical activity and its influence on taha
whanau- Social wellbeing
Group or individual activities
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Group Activities
- Advantages
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Individual Activities
- Advantages
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Sense of belonging
Source of motivation
Gain encouragement from
interaction with others
By cooperating a person can be
more effective and achieve
outcomes not possible by an
individual.
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Reliant on own effort
Do not experience harassment
or nastiness from others
Benefical when you want time
out from others.
- Disadvantages
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Forced to get on with people you do
not like
Can experience nastiness or
harassment
Structured time for participating
Can feel let down by team mates
through lack of effort of their
behaviour
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- Disadvantages
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Don’t experience motivation
and encouragement from
others.
No one to share the experience
of a good training session or
performance with
Communicating with others
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Participating in physical activity allows individuals to develop skills in the area of
communicating with others as well as being sensitive to and considerate of their needs.
This can include:
Comforting someone who is sad
Speaking nicely to someone by encouraging them.
Important when speaking to someone to be gentle, words can be harmful.
When having to say something negative or critical, try and say it nicely.
When someone has been disappointed, that person is very fragile emotionally, and they
could take your comments the wrong way.
Individuals need to realise that not everyone responds and feels the same way to
physical activity.
They respond differently according to their personality and nature.
What makes one person estatic,will make another thankful, and yet another sad.
Regular participation can help people understand others better and get along with one
another.
Indicators to how someone is feeling.
1. Look at how they are behaving.
2. Listen to what they are saying
3. Consider the situation that has occurred
4. Remember how they have acted in a similar situation in the past
Friendships
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Participating in physical activity allows individuals to spend time
with others on a regular basis, and in doing so, develop a friendship.
Friends provide companionship, support and care for each of the
friends in the relationship.
Showing an genuine interest in others, whilst participating in
physical activity, sends a message that they are valued and
therefore they will tend to show an interest towards you.
Not everyone who appears to be a friend is actually one.
Some people associate with people only because it suits them.
True friendships are often tested in times of trial.
True friends remain when the going gets tough
Supporting and Including others
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Participating in physical activity can involve assisting others in their participation.
Often a persons own problems go away because the person becomes focused on solving
someones else’s problem rather than their own.
The rule of giving rather than receiving, allows the giver to feel the satisfaction of helping
others and in turn they are more likely to be helped when they need it because they have
assisted others.
Treat others as you yourself would like to be treated
Supporting others: Activity:
1.Copy the diagram below and write in the names of people that support you and that you
support
2. Why do some people have more friends than others
3. List four strategies of making someone new to a sports team feel included and suported
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People that support you
People that you support
You
You
Supporting others
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Putting others needs before your own is an act of scarifice,
involving giving up something that you would like to do.
This quality is increasingly hard to find in a world that rewards people
for looking after their own needs first.
Supporting others in physical activity shows people that you value
them and makes them feel special. It can include the following:
Introducing a person to other members of a group
Giving advice about group activities.
Including a person in practices by passing them the ball
Complementing and encouraging a person while they are
participating.
Be an Encourager.
Participating in successful groups requires people to give and receive
compliments.
Complimenting someone else gives them encouragement and makes
them feel good about what they are doing.
Receiving compliments from others is a good source of
encouragement and would reinforce an individuals participation in a
physical activity
Supporting others
Activity: The list below shows a number of different actions that a person might
take to make friends with others. As some are more helpful than others. Identify
and tick which actions are least helpful or most helpful
Action
Least
helpful
Most
helpful
Action
Showing an interest
in people
Letting new
people join your
team
Gossiping about
someone behind
their back
Ignoring
someone in your
team
Joining a sports
team
Trying your
hardest
Being an idiot at
practice
Wearing tready
clothes at
practice
Giving advice to
team mates about
the game
Making fun of
someone at practice
Believing in
yourself
Showing how
tough you are
Least
helpful
Most
helpful
Respect
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Treat others with honour and dignity
Respect needs to be earned and is
achieved by treating others well
Respect is shown towards others when
their needs are put first,spoken to
politely, and listened to and taken
note.
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Trust
Trust allows a person to share secrets
Need to be careful who you share
things with, people can let you down
Trust needs to earned over time
Physical activity allows people to
display qualities of a good friend
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Honesty
Showing honesty can be hard
Requires integrity to tell the truth
when it will hurt the team
These lifeskills are something that
everyone needs to learn to be able to
get along with others.
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Faithfulness
Loyalty
Ability to stick things out even when
the going gets tough.
Loyalty to a team will allow members
of that team to make sacrifies in order
to put the team first.
Group development
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Activity
1. List the four stages below in the order they should occur
2. What is the most successful team you have been involved in? Why was this?
3.a. What may enable one group to function more effectively than others?
b. what things may allow a group to function less effectively than others
4.a. What is team spirit?
b. If you were a team captain in a team that had a poor team spirit, what
could you do to improve it?
The following diagram represents the parts of Tuckman’s model of group management.
Tuckmans model explains the various stages a group goes through, from first coming
together to the point when it begins to function effectively.
Performing this occurs
Stroming This occurs
Norming This occurs when
Forming This occurs
when the group begins to
function effectively as a
unit
rules and acceptable standards
of behaviour are established
when the roles and the
status within the group are
established
when the group first gets
together
Lesson from geese
Provide a Physical activity application for each lesson learned
 Fact
Lesson
Activity
As geese flap their wings, it creates an
uplift for the birds following it. By flying
in a v formation they can fly 71% more
range than flying alone
People who share both common
direction and sense of community can
get where they are going quicker and
easier when they travel with the help of
one another
1. You are a member of a sports
team
When ever a goose falls out of
formation it suddenly feels the drag
and resistance of trying to fly alone and
quickly gets back to tack advantage of
the lifting power of the bird in front
Stay with those who are heading in the
right direction
2. You are having difficulty with a
routine
When the lead goose gets tired it
rotates back in formation and another
goose flies at the front point position
Take turns with the hard tasks and
share leadership with others
3.Taking part in an obstacle
course team buiding exercise
When a goose gets sick, two geese
follow it down to try and help and
protect it. They stay till it gets well or
dies, then launch out on own or join
another formation or catch up with
original group
Support and stand by one another
4. A team mate is upset
The geese honk from behind to
encourage those up front
Be an encourager to those in front
5. A team mate is having trouble
keeping up in a training run
The team comes first
Activity:
Attributes of a successful team member
Following is a list of attributes
Sumetimes arrives late Has a bad temper
Does include others
Has a positive attitude
Arguementative
Gives advice to others
Encourages others
Gossips about others Tries their hardest
Positive Qualities
Explaination
Negative Qualities Explanation
Physical activity and its influence on taha
wairua- spiritual wellbeing
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Physical activity influences spiritually through giving people identity and
developing confidence as well as allowing them to relax and enjoy their
surroundings.
Spirituality in turn influences all areas of our lives.
Some meet their spiritual need through a religious connection and others
through a commitment to finding a personal identity
Spiritual health is made up of a personal purpose
Personal identity and confidence
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A person’s personal identity is made up of ideas about who they think they
are.
These ideas come from what the person believes other people think about
them.
All individuals are unique and posses different gifts- some have intellectual
gifts, others have social gifts, and still others have spiritual gifts.
Physical activity allows those that have physical gifts to express themselves
and feel good about who they are.
This gives them identification, confidence and purpose.
It makes them feel good about themselves
For those that do not have physical gifts and talents, physical activity can be
a discouraging experience that makes them feel awkward.
People that are physically talanted are able to express themselves through
movement, it gives them a chance to show others who they are and what
they are capable of physically.
It is a vehicle of communication and personal expression with others [ they
may not feel as comfortable communicating verbally or socially compared
with others
Confidence
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Confidence can be defined as a person’s belief in themselves to achieve a
task that is before them.
Physical activity gives participants a sense of achievement.
It allows them to feel healthy and good about themselves which develops
self esteem, a sense of achievement and confidence.
Confident people take things on.
By completing challenges successfully, you can build your confidence.
When an individual experiences
success in physical activity the
sense of achievement can serve
as an encouragement to
continue working hard at what
they are participating in to
improve futher
When an individual experiences
failure in physical actiovity this
can serve as discouragement to
continue to work hard and they
may give up what they are
participating in
Because structured sport is often competitive in nature and pits
individuals against each other, there invariably be a winner and a
loser. It is important that an individual takes pride in their own
performance and improving themselves without comparing
themselves with anyone else.
Self Confidence
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Activity
1.
List somethings you have done successfully that were hard to do
Write down some things that yoy find hard and cold be put off doing
How does fear of failure affect confidence? What can be done to overcome this?
Rate each of the factors on what effect they have on your self esteem
2.
3.
4.
Factor
None Poor
Average
Excellent
Giving advice to members of
your team
O
O
O
O
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Playing aganst a
representaive team
Introducing yourself to an
opponent
Taking a sport you are not
good at
Asking your coach for help in
a skill
Going to a team social
Setting a long term goal
Asking the coach if you can
run a training session
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Discipline and Perseverance
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Participation in physical activity can teach individuals to develop
discipline annd perserverance. These characteristics have many
flow on affects into other aspects of life.
Can lead to success in business and personal relationships.
Perserverance is carrying on in the face of adversity.
Success is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.
Discipline and perserverance rquire a person to make a conscious
decision even though they may not like the outcome .
Perserverance allows people to compete at a higher level because
they work harder at what they are doing
Enjoyment, appreciation of surroundings and
challenge
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People involved in physical activity are often removed from their
normal environment. This gives them a chance to think clearly and
relax because they are away from the pressure and strains of
everyday life.
Allows people to enjoy the environment and appreciate nature.
Participation in physical activity can give people a sense of
enjoyment and also allows them to interact in a different
environment.
Experiencing the thrill of competition, the ability to move graciously,
complete a skill with ease, are some of the physical experiences that
lead people to enjoy physical activity.
Challenge
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Performing a physical activity for the first time can be a new and
challenging experience.
Learning the skills and rules as well as the physical requirements of
an activity can prove to be a challenge and gives people
participating a challenge to overcome.This can provide enjoyment
and excitement and is the reason why people often choose to
continue in an activity.
However the uncertainty and daunting nature of a new activity,
coupled with new surroundings and strange people, can be a reason
why people choose not to participate at all.
Benefits of physical activity
There are four potential benefits of physical activity:
place each of the following into the benefit catergories below
Feeling good yourself
Enjoyment and having fun
Developing discipline
Improving fitness
Finding your true self
Gaining direction in life
Encouragement
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Physical benefits
Social benefits
Meeting new people
Feeling healthy
Getting on with others
Developing character
Thrill of competing
Relaxation
Making friends
Achieving goals
Having self control
Feeling wanted
Improving skills
Being part of a group
Winning
Expressing yourself
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Mental/Emotional benefits
Spiritual benefits
Factors affecting participation in physical activity
Place each of the following physical activities into three
catergories;
Making friends
Experiencing haressment
Getting injured
Appreciating the environment Learning a new skill
Losing a game
Stress of competion
Being able to relax
Commitment
Equipment
Improved fitness
Working up a sweat
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Positive affect
No effect
Negative affect