Download Russian revolution 1917

Russian Revolution 1917
End of Czarist Russia;
Beginning of Communist Russia
Stages of the Russian Rev.
• 1. First stage of revolution - Fall of Czardom (March
Revolution~Feb.)
• Insurrection of the masses!
• 2. Second stage of revolution - Provisional
Government formed
• 3. Third stage of revolution - Return of Lenin;
Bolshevik coup (November Revolution~
Oct.)/
March Revolution(1917)
• spontaneous revolution initiated by the lower
classes.
• came as a result of their deep-seated hatred
of the Czars who deprived them of political
freedom, and brought them grave economic
sufferings and military defeats.
• The First World War brought the discontent of
the Russians to a head. The Russian masses
made the revolution spontaneously without
any leadership from the revolutionary parties.
• Workers riot in Petrograd(old St. Petersburg)
• Czar Nicholas II abdicates(for his son as well)/
Lenin Returns
• When the March Revolution broke out, the
prominent leaders of the Bolshevik Party were in
exile.
• In March, Lenin returned to Russia (Switzerland)
• Being a socialist, Lenin adopted an antiwar policy
during the First World War. He advocated that the
First World War was a fight among the capitalistic
government for influence and power. (The workers
should not assist them.)
• demanded the Provisional Government to give 'All
power to the Soviets’/
Vladimir Lenin, leader of the November,
Bolshevik Revolution
Provisional Gov’t; Mar.-Nov. 1917
• New gov’t would have been a democracy
• Alexander Kerensky becomes president
• Gov’t unable to get Russia out of WWI
• Lenin gains support for the Bolsheviks
• “Peace, Land, Bread”-motto of Bolsheviks/
November Rev. 1917
• A.k.a. Bolshevik Rev./ Communist Rev.
• Bolsheviks led by Lenin defeat the provisional gov’t
• Once in power the Bolsheviks change their name to
Communists
Russia of 1917
• Through these 3 steps, Russia became a communist
country, ending Czarist Russia, forever.
• U.S.S.R.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• This will last until the collapse of the Soviet Union in
1991.
Murder of the Romanovs
• As long as the Romanovs
were alive, they were seen
as a threat to the new
Communists!
• On July 16, 1918, Bolshevik
authorities, led by Yakov
Yurovsky, shot Nicholas II,
his immediate family, and
four servant members in
the cellar of the Ipatiev
House in Yekaterinburg,
Russia.
Rasputin’s prophecy
• Rasputin had made an eerie
prediction before he died.
•
If I am killed by common assassins
and especially by my brothers the
Russian peasants, you, Tsar of Russia,
have nothing to fear for your children,
they will reign for hundreds of years in
Russia.
•
...if it was your relations who have
wrought my death, then no one in
your family, that is to say, none of
your children or relations will remain
alive for two years. They will be killed
by the Russian people...
•
I shall be killed. I am no longer
among the living. Pray, pray, be
strong, think of your blessed family.
•
Grigory
Death of the Romanovs
The Romanovs-Together in Life and Death
• Eleven people in all lost
their lives on the night of
July 16, 1918, at
Ekateringburg in this--
cellar. Below is the
execution squad.
The Graves
• The pit where the
skeletons lay.
Discovering the Romanovs
• In 1979, the bodies of Czar
Nicholas II, Czarina
Alexandra, three of their
daughters, and those of four
non-family members killed
with them, were discovered
near Yekaterinburg by
amateur archaeologist
Alexander Avdonin
• January 1998, the remains
excavated from underneath
the dirt road near
Yekaterinburg were officially
identified as those of
Nicholas II and his family
(excluding one of the sisters,
and Alexei)
• July 2007, 46-year-old
builder Sergei Pogorelov
(part of a team from an
amateur history group who
spent free summer weekends
looking for the lost
Romanovs) said that after
stumbling on a small burned
area of ground covered with
nettles near Yekaterinburg he
had discovered bones that
belonged to "a boy and a
young woman roughly the
ages of Nicholas’ 13-year-old
hemophiliac son, Alexei, and
a daughter whose remains
also never have been
found.”/
Diagram of the grave outside Ekaterinburg
-- the pit during excavation
Final Procession and Burial
• A ceremony of Christian Burial
was held in 1998, and the
bodies were laid to rest with
State honors in a special chapel
in the Peter and Paul Fortress in
St. Petersburg(in St. Catherine
Chapel).
• Reburial
Current Discoveries
• On 30 April 2008, DNA
tests performed by a U.S.
laboratory proved that
bone fragments exhumed
in the Ural Mountains
belonged to two Czarevich
Alexei Nikolaevich and
Grand Duchess Maria.
• 1 October 2008, Russia's
Supreme Court ruled that
Nicholas II and his family
were victims of political
repression
• In 1981, Nicholas and his
immediate family were
recognized as martyred
saints by the Russian
Orthodox Church Outside
Russia./
Finally…it is over!
• Yekaterinburg's "Church on
the Blood," built on the
spot where Nicholas II and
his family were murdered
in 1918.
• Russian Orthodox church in
Yekaterinburg built in
2000-2003
• The church commemorates
the Romanov sainthood./