Download Structure of the Cardiovascular System

Structure of the
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and Physiology
Learning Outcomes
•
Be able to label the heart
•
Be able to locate the heart valves
•
Understand the different blood vessels
Match the number to the
correct label
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary vein x2
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Inferior vena cava
TASK - in paragraph format, describe the
sequence of blood flow for both sides of the
heart
Arrives from the
body
and finishes
at the lungs
Arrives from
the lungs and
finishes at the
muscles
Pulmonary and Systemic
Circulation
• The pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood from the right
side of the heart to the lungs and then back to the left side
of the heart. (Lower pressure)
• The systemic circulation – the flow of blood from the left
side of the heart to all parts of the body. (Higher pressure)
The Heart
• Located in the chest, slightly to the left
• A pump to maintain circulation
• Two halves
- Right, deoxygenated blood
- Left, oxygenated blood
• Four chambers
- 2 upper collecting chambers – atria
- 2 lower pumping chambers – ventricles
• Valves ensure the flow is one way
• Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with
oxygenated blood
https://youtu.be/qmpd82mpVO4
Arteries
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the
heart supplying vital organs and tissues*
- Remember ‘A’ = ‘A’way
• Thicker, muscular wall to allow blood to be
shunted around the body
• Dealing with blood under high pressure
* except for the pulmonary artery - transports deoxygenated blood
from the heart to the lungs
Arterioles
•
An arteriole is a small
diameter blood vessel in
the microcirculation that
extends and branches
out from an artery and
leads to capillaries
Veins
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood back
towards the heart*
• Valves to assist blood flow back to the
heart and prevent back flow
• Thin muscular wall
* except for the pulmonary vein – transports oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the heart
Venules
•
A venule is a very small
blood vessel in the
microcirculation that
allows blood to return
from the capillary beds
to drain into the larger
blood vessels, the veins
Capillaries
• Arteries become smaller to form arterioles which link to capillaries
• Capillaries are one cell thick to allow gaseous
exchange
• From the capillaries venules take blood into the
veins, into the Vena Cavae
Heart Valves – Location
and function?
Valves
•
The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is between the
right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to
prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium
•
The aortic valve is a valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
•
The bicuspid valve is situated between the left atrium and the left
ventricle. It permits blood to flow one way only, from the left atrium
into the left ventricle This valve is more commonly called the mitral
valve
•
The pulmonary valve is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three
cusps