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Agenda for 2-13 • • • • • Complete Short Answer Questions on Unit 6 Review Pollinate Plants and Check on Flies Classification PowerPoint Cladogram Construction and Review of PPT Due tomorrow- Guided Reading Ch. 25 Due Friday – Survival of the Sickest – iPOD Chapter / Quiz on Gene Expression Classification AP Biology Classification • Carolus Linnaeus (1700’s) – Binomial nomenclature – Genus species • Robert Whittaker (1969) – 5 Kingdom system – Kingdoms ….. • • • • • Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Re-Classifying Life • Molecular Data (DNA) challenges the fivekingdom system • Monera (bacteria) are too diverse to be grouped together – 2 distinct groups/lineages of prokaryotes • Protists are also too diverse • Work in progress Re-classifying Life Continued Five Kingdom System shape & structure Three Domain System genomic similarities Three Domain Classification • Three Domains/Super Kingdoms – Bacteria prokaryotic – Archaea prokaryotic • Extreme bacteria – Thermoacidophiles, methanogenic, halophiles – Eukarya • Eukaryotes ***Fill in page 1 on Domains Classification • Grouping organisms into categories (taxa) based on their similarities • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species Scientific Names • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus • Uses genus and species • Capitalize genus • Underline both • • • • Homo Homo Homo Homo sapien sapien sapien sapien sapien sapien Complete Classification of Humans • Domain – Eukarya • Kingdom – Animalia • Phylum – Chordata – Subphylum- Vertebrata • • • • • Class - Mammalia Order - Primate Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - sapiens Classification Criteria • Comparative Anatomy – homologous structures, embryology • Molecular Systematics – – Amino acid sequences are compared. More amino acids in common means the closer the evolutionary relationship. – More modern methods include DNA-DNA hybridization, where the nucleotide sequences of two different organisms are compared. – Restriction mapping of RFLPs to compare mitochondrial DNA. Classification Criteria, cont. • Reproductive (species concept) • Behavioral Analysis • Phylogeny Phylogeny • The evolutionary history of an organism • Phylogentic tree Cladograms • Phylogenetic diagram based on cladisitics • What is cladistics? Analyzing evolutionary relationships b/w groups to form a family tree • Clade branch in a cladogram Classification based on Visible Similarities Appendages Conical Shells Cladogram Crustaceans Mollusk Cladogram Development Cladogram Draw a Cladogram Using the Data Below Dichotomous Key
