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ANCIENT GREECE
Where is Ancient Greece?
„ Ancient Greece is located in southern Europe.
„ It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.
„ The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.
The Early People of the Aegean
„ The Minoans were the earliest people in the Region. They were traders but their
civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.
„ The Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War. They
declined around 1200 BC.
The Rise of the Greek City States
„ The region declined for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans.
„ Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, starts to develop.
„ Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis on the top level.
The Acropolis
„ The acropolis of each city had temples to the Greek gods and goddesses.
„ The Greeks shared one set of Gods. There were 12 major gods and goddesses.
The Rest of the City State
„ Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place.
„ There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes.
„ The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.
Governing the City State
„ At first, city states were ruled by one person, usually a king. This is called a
monarchy. They were often called tyrants.
„ Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy.
„ New forms of government would soon develop, especially in Athens.
Two Major City States Develop
„ Athens is a city state that develops into a democracy.
„ A democracy is a place where people vote.
„ Only male citizens could vote.
„ Athens also focused on arts and learning.
„ Sparta is a city state that develops into a warrior society.
„ Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training.
„ Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men
were occupied with war.
Socrates
„ Socrates was a famous Athenian philosopher.
„ He taught Plato, who then taught Aristotle.
„ He was accused of corrupting the minds of the youth and forced to commit suicide.
Hippocrates
„ Hippocrates was a famous Greek doctor.
„ Doctors today still take the Hippocratic Oath when they begin their careers in
medicine.
„ Its most important part is to do no harm.
Herodotus
„ Herodotus is famous for creating maps of the Ancient Greek world.
„ He tried to determine what existed beyond what the Greeks themselves knew about.
Sophocles
„ Sophocles was a famous Greek dramatist.
„ There were two main types of plays: comedies and tragedies.
„ These plays were very popular in Greece.
The Olympic Games
„ The ancient Greeks started the Olympic games.
„ They were held to honor the gods.
„ There were races, discuss throwing, boxing, and a no-holds barred type of fighting
called pankration. Only eye gouging and biting were prohibited.