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Age of Exploration North American Settlement Mr. Stowinsky World History European Nations Settle North America ► The French, English, and Dutch were jealous of Spain & Portugal’s success and trade routes and wanted to find their own ► “Northwest Passage” – fabled passage believed to cut through North America to Asia ► 1524 - Giovanni de Verrazano – Italian who sailed for France. Discovered New York Harbor ► 1534 – Jacques Cartier – discovered and named the St. Lawrence, discovered and named Montreal ► 1608 – Samuel de Champlain – sailed up the St. Lawrence and founded Quebec, which became the base of France’s North American empire, New France ► 1673 – Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet explored the Great Lakes & upper Mississippi River ► 1682 – Sieur LaSalle – sailed lower Mississippi and named all he found Louisiana ► New France massive but barely populated – the French wanted to make money, not build towns The English Arrive in North America ► Jamestown – English settlement settled in 1607 in modern-day Virginia ► 70% of colonists died due to disease, starvation, or battles with Native Americans ► Began planting crops, including tobacco. Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement ► Plymouth – settled by Pilgrims ► Massachusetts Bay – settled by Puritans 10 years after the Pilgrims founded Plymouth ► 1609 – Henry Hudson – explored the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait ► The Dutch set up New Netherland and colonized Manhattan Island and modern Albany ► European nations also colonized Caribbean Islands with sugar and cotton plantations The Struggle for North America ► The Dutch surrendered New Netherland to England, it was renamed New York ► French & Indian War – both countries fought for claim of North America – Britain won and took the eastern half of North America The Atlantic Slave Trade ► Slavery already existed in Africa due to Muslim belief in enslaving non-Muslim prisoners of war ► European plantations tried making use of Native American slave labor, but millions died due to starvation, disease, and torture ► Europeans began buying and importing African slaves to plantations. African chiefs made profit and saved their own people by rounding up other people to be sold as slaves Advantages to African slaves: ► 1. immune to most European diseases ► 2. many had farming experience ► 3. did not know their way around the New World and couldn’t escape ► 4. skin color made them easier to identify and catch if they escaped Atlantic Slave Trade – buying & selling of African slaves for work in the Americas Triangular Trade – ► 1. Europeans brought manufactured goods to Africa ► 2. These goods were traded for slaves, the slaves were brought to America ► 3. Sugar, coffee, and tobacco were brought from America to Europe