Download The Prophet Muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad
(Peace Be Upon Him)
Arabia before Muhammad
Arabs
Mecca
•important trade stop and religious center of
Arabia
•people settle there because of the fresh
water well
•location of Kabba (shrine with 300 religious
idols)
•majority of Arabia’s first inhabitants
were Bedouins
•Biblical tradition: Arabs are
Semites (descendants of Noah’s
son
•Koran tradition: Arabs are
descendants of Abraham’s son
Ishmael
•Valued camels above all else
•no strong central government
Quraysh
•powerful local tribe of Arabs
•Encouraged Tribes to deposit idols in the
Kabba and protect them for a fee
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Muhammad’s call to
Prophethood
Muhammed’s Early Life
•born into Hashim family of the powerful
Quraysh tribe sometime between AD
570 and 580
•angels told mother, Amina, to name
child Muhammad (highly praised)
•father died before birth, mother @ 4
•raised by Uncle, Abu Talib
•as a young man, he worked for a
wealthy widow Khadija
•married Khadija and had 7 children
only one daughter Fatima survived
•had reputation as a seeker of solitude
Spreading the word of Allah
Muhammad’s Teachings
•Major points of Muhammad’s public
teachings
1. There was only one God (Allah)
and all should submit to him
2. all believers in God were equal
3. the rich should share with the poor
4. people should live righteously
5. all people would be subjected to a
Judgement Day
Miracles
•passed through the seven levels of
heaven in the “Night Journey”
•brought forth a spring in Mecca
Disagreements
•wanted to abolish
idolatry yet most people
of Mecca did not
•critical of wealthy
merchants who controlled
most of the money and
power in Mecca
Protection for Prophet
•he was able to remain in Mecca
because of his powerful and respected
family
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Emigration to Madinah
The Hijrah
•Muhammed left after death of wife and
Abu Talib
•Traveled to oasis city of Yathrib
•this journey marks the the beginning of
Islam and the Muslim calendar
Conflict in Medina
Muhammad’s Welcome
•Prophet was welcomed by Jews and
Arabs of Yathrib
•both groups hoped Muhammad could
prevent a civil was from breaking out
•renamed Yathrib - Medina
•believers in Islam began to call
themselves Muslims (those who submit to
the will of God)
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•Muhammad hoped Islam could win new converts
•some Jewish leaders did not accept Muhammad as God’s latest prophet
•Jews, who opposed Muhammad were expelled from Medina
•at first Muhammad told Muslims to pray in the direction of Jerusalem but later
changed it to the Kabba in Mecca
Return to Mecca
Muhammed’s army
As more people
though
accepted Islam, the
tremedsously
Quraysh became Battle of Badr
outnumbered, won
hostile toward
the Battle of Badr
Muslims
Outcomes of the Battle of Badr
•more battles were fought in the years that followed the Battle of Badr
•Medina taken over by angry Meccan’s
•AD 630 Muhammad and supporters capture Mecca
•idols and other pagan relics are destroyed and the Kabba rededicated to Allah
•632 Muhammad makes his last journey to Mecca - called the hajj
•every detail of his actions on the event were noted and imitated by his disciples
•the rites and ceremonies of the hajj became standard practice for all Muslims
Cartoon
Islam as a Way of LIfe
The Five Pillars of Faith
Shahada
Salat
Daily
Profession
Worship
of faith
There is Five times
only one
a day;
God
guided by
(Allah) and a precise
Muhammad
set
is his
of rituals
prophet
Zakat
Sawm
Almsgiving
Fast
2 1/2 % of
a Muslims
income or
1/40
of all they
possess
annually
From
sunrise
to sunset
during the
holy time
of
Ramadan
Hajj
Pilgrimage
to Mecca
undertaken
once in a
lifetime;
reminder of
equality
between
all
Muslims