Download APHG Chapter 6 Diffusion

Warm-Up # 36
1. Adherents of which religion are also likely to believe in other
religions simultaneously?
A. Buddhism
B. Hinduism
C. Islam
D. Christianity
2. Christianity first diffused from its hearth through
A. hierarchical diffusion.
B. contagious diffusion.
C. relocation diffusion.
D. all of the above
3. The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city
A. where most blacks lived.
B. inside the walls.
C. where Jews where forced to live.
D. inhabited by the lowest-income people.
Why do Religions Have
Different Distributions?
• The Diffusion of
Religions
• The Diffusion of
Universalizing
Religions
• Hearths – Asia based on the
lives of three
individuals
Diffusion of
Christianity
•
Diffusion
•
•
Relocation
Expansion
• Hierarchical
• Contagious
•
•
•
•
•
•
Israel/Canaan/Palestine –
relocation diffusion
Missionaries - Paul’s Travels
Roman Empire – Trade and
the Sea Routes - Economic
through trade
Hierarchical Diffusion –
Emperor Constantine A.D.
313
Migration and Missionary
Conversion of Indigenous
people
•
•
•
Africa
Latin America
Immigration
•
United States
Diffusion of
Islam
• Muhammad’s
Successors Armies
• Extensive area of Africa,
Asia, and Europe
• Within a century
• Palestine
• Persian Empire
• Much of India
• Spain until 1492 –
Western Europe
• Relocation diffusion
from the hearth through
missionaries
Diffusion of Buddhism
• Slow Diffusion
• Asoka – Emperor of
the Magadhan
Empire 273 – 232
B.C.
• Council at Pataliputra
– missionaries to
neighboring
territories
• Trade Routes
• Chinese very
receptive – monks in
4th Century A.D.
• To Korea at same
time – Japan two
centuries later, and
stopping in India at
same time
Diffusion of Other
Universalizing Religions
• Bahá’i – Through
temple construction on
every continent
• Punjab Region – Sikhs
• British Control – 1849
• India and Pakistan –
1947
• Prefer to live in Hindudominated India
• 2.5 million have moved
to East Punjab
Diffusion of Ethnic Religions
•
•
•
•
•
Limited, if any diffusion
At the expense of
universalizing religions
May supplant ethnic religions
African countries tend to stay
the same
Buddhist Vs.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shinto
Daoism
Confucianism
Mauritius - Economic
migration
Judaism – The exception to
the rule
Diaspora – Greek for
dispersion
Ghetto’s – WWII
Today – 10% vs. 90% a
century ago
Holy Places
• Pilgrimages
• Buddhism – Shrines
– important events
in the Buddha’s life
• 8 Places
• Islam –
Makkah/Mecca
• The Kaaba – Saudi
Arabia
• Madinah –
Muhammad’s tomb
• Ethnic Religions –
Hinduism –Tirtha
• Mt. Kailās – Siva
• The Ganges
The Calendar
• Ethnic – more clustered
distribution
• Seasonal/annual cycle –
agriculture and sacred
moments
• The Jewish Calendar – lunar
- ethnic religion in part
because its major holidays
are based on agricultural
events in Israel.
• Rosh Hashanah – New Year
• Yom Kippur – Day of
Atonement
• Pesach – Passover
• Shavuot – Feast of Weeks
• Dates gained importance in
time
• The Solstice – Washington
D.C.
The Calendar
• Universalizing religions –
Founders life
• Islamic – also lunar but
strict
• Changes over the years
• Bahá’I –The Báb
• First day of Spring – March
21st
• Christian - Julian vs.
Gregorian Calendar
• Important days differ –
religion to religion and
hemisphere to hemisphere
• Buddhists – Different in
India and Japan