Download Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements

Chapter 6 Inorganic and
Organic Compounds: Names and
Formulas
6.7
Basic Chemistry
1
Alkanes
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Structural Formulas
Alkanes are written with structural formulas that are
• expanded to show each bond
• condensed to show each carbon atom and its
attached hydrogen atoms
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Drawing Structures for Butane
In the expanded structure formula, each bond
from the C atom to the attached H atoms is
shown.
In the condensed structural formula, each C
atom is combined with its attached H atoms.
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IUPAC Names for the First 10
Alkanes
Basic Chemistry
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Learning Check
A. What is the condensed formula for
H H H H H
    
HCCCCCH
    
H H H H H
B. What is its molecular formula?
C. What is its name?
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Solution
A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3
B. C5H12
C. pentane
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Learning Check
Draw the condensed structural formula for
heptane.
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Solution
The prefix in the alkane name heptane
indicates that the condensed structural
formula contains 7 C atoms.
Heptane
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
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Properties of Alkanes
Alkanes
• are nonpolar
• are less dense than water
• with 1-4 carbon atoms are gases
• with 5-8 carbon atoms are liquids
at room temperature
• with 9-17 carbon atoms are liquids such as
kerosene, diesel, and jet fuel
• with 18 or more carbon atoms are waxy solids
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Concept Map
Basic Chemistry
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