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Jeopardy Rules
Teams:
You may play individually or with your seat partner. Both
people should be actively engaged in figuring out and
reviewing the answers.
Keep your study guide handy so that you can
highlight/circle the topics you need to review.
Keep your own score.
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2
Ecology
3
Populations
4
Global
Warming
5
Soil
6
Parks,
Agriculture,
Fishery,
Forest
7
Human
Interactions
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Living & nonliving
components of an
ecosystem.
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Biotic / Abiotic:
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Only 10% of the usable energy is
transferred because usable energy lost
as heat (2nd law), not all biomass is
digested & absorbed, predators expend
energy to catch prey .
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Energy flow in food webs:
Trophic levels
•Keystone
Species
•Indicator
Species
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A large distinct terrestrial
region having similar
climate, soil, plants &
animals.
Name 4 out of the 8
terrestrial ones.
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BIOME
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Three Forms of Symbiosis
and the form shown below
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Mutualism
Mutualism , Commensalism,
Parasitism
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Development of communities in
a lifeless area not previously
inhabited by life (lava)
&
Life progresses where soil
remains (clear cut forest, fire)
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Primary Succession & Secondary Succession
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The number of
individuals that can be
sustained in an area.
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Carrying Capacity
Limiting Factors
Overshoot
Exponential
Growth
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Strategist: that
reproduce early, many
small unprotected
offspring.
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R strategist:
Insects, fish, frogs
Short lives
High bio potential
High reproductive rate
Rely on instinct
K strategist:
Elephants, humans, cougar
Low biotic potential
Rely on learning
Long gestation
Lower population growth
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Describe the 3 Age structure diagrams shown.
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1. 1st & 2nd most populated countries:
2. World Population:
3. US Population:
4. Most important thing affecting
population growth.
Answer any 3 of the 4 above.
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1. China & India
2. 7 Billion
3. 350 Million
4. education of woman
* Rule of 70
70 divided by the percent
growth rate gives you the
time to doubling Ex:
70/2%=35 years
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Name any 3 of the 4 phases below.
1.
2.
3.
4
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Preindustrial : Transitional : Industrial :. Postindustrial :
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Greenhouse gases:
Name 3 of the 6
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Examples: H2O, CO2, O3, methane
(CH4), Nitous oxide (NO2) & CFCs
EFFECT: they trap outgoing infrared
(heat) energy causing earth to warm
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The two major
productions of CO2
( Greenhouse Gas)
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Industry & Transportation
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Three effects of
global warming are:
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Rising sea level (thermal expansion), extreme
weather, droughts (famine), extinctions,
melting of the polar ice caps.
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Name two carbon
sinks or ways to
sequester CO2.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Photosynthesis by land plants/forests
Photosynthesis by algae in the oceans
Dissolves in oceans
Pump underground
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Protocals:
1. Controlling global warming by
setting greenhouse gas emissions
targets for developed countries
2. Phase out of ozone deleting
substances
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Kyoto , Japan
&
Global Warming
CFC”S
Montreal, Canada
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The Best Soil Type –
40% silt,40 % sand & 20 % clay.
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LOAM
By particle size- smallest to largest.
(Clay-Silt-Sand)
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In arid regions, water evaporates leaving
salts behind.
&
Degradation of land in arid and dry subhumid areas, resulting primarily from
anthropogenic , natural activities and
influenced by climatic variations.
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Salinization
Water logging
Desertification
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Name 3 things that help
fix/prevent soil
degradation.
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Conservation tillage,
Crop rotation, Cover Crops
Contour plowing,
Terracing, Wind Breaks,
Alley Cropping ,
Organic fertilizers
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Soil Profile
Name the profile layers below.
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Leaf Litter
Top Soil / Humus
Subsoil
Bedrock/ Parent
Material
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TWO- Parts
Part 1- ___________ Revolution usually
refers to the transformation of
agriculture that began in 1945.
Part 2. One of the two acts created to
prevent soil degradation.
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Green Revolution
1935 Soil Erosion Act
1977 Soil & Water Conservation Act
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The logging and
burning of trees in a
forested area.
List two reasons for
doing so:
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Deforestation
Charcoal
Lumber
Pastures
Plantations- Cash Crops
Human Settlement.
Loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) up take and when
tree rot they produce CO2
* Soil erosion
* Silting of water courses, lakes and dams .
* Extinction of species
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* Desertification
Mining
Describe two methods of
surface mining.
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Placer
Strip mining
Mountain top removal
Open pit
Hydraulic fracturing
(Fracking)
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Which act instigated the
need for Environmental
Impact Statements to be
done before any project
affecting federal lands can
be started (1970)?
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National Environmental Policy Act:
Multiple uses US public land:
National Forest & National
Resource lands
Moderately restricted use land:
National Wildlife Refuges
Restricted Use lands:
National Parks, National
Wilderness Preservation System
(Sanctuaries)
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As lakes become more nutrient rich from run off of
fertilizers and detergents which add nitrogen and
phosphorus to the lakes a process called _______
may occur.
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Eutrophication
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FISHERY - The BLUE REVOLUTION
1. What are three forms of large-scale
fishing?
2. What is the term for any creatures,
such as dolphins and turtles, that are
caught unintentionally?
3. List one law that protects some sort
of marine life.
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1. Long line, Drift “gill” net, Sonar,
Trawlers, Purse seine.
2. By Catch
3. Magnuson Fishery Act- Over fishiing,
ESA, CITES, Marine Mammal Protection
Act.
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Which term describes having
an abundance of resources
and property? Communities
that are ______ typically
contribute to environmental
destruction
disproportionally?
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Affluence
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The meaning of the following
two acronyms in reference to
land development.
NIMBY
&
BANANA
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NIMBY
(not in my backyard)
BANANA
Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near
Anything (or Anyone)
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Environmental World Views
Which world view is represented by this view?
“Humans are the most important species but
should care for the rest of nature.”
Planetary Management
Stewardship
Environmental Wisdom
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Planetary Management- we are in charge of
nature.
Stewardship- care for nature.
Environmental Wisdom – nature exist for all
species.
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_____________________ Ecology
is the science of inventing,
establishing and maintaining new
habitats to conserve species
diversity in places where people
live, work or play.
* changing for the better a relationship
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Reconciliation Ecology
Conservation: allows the use of resources
in a responsible manner.
Preservation: setting aside areas &
protecting them from human activities.
Utilitarianism is the belief that something
is right if it produces the greatest good for
the greatest number of people for the
longest time.
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A dilemma in which multiple
individuals acting independently in
their own self-interest can ultimately
destroy a shared limited resource
even when it is clear that it is not in
anyone's long term interest for this to
happen.
* Give two examples of a “Global Common”.
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The Tragedy of the Commons
GARRET HARDIN
Atmosphere & Oceans
are used by all and owned by none.
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Mining
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Water/Treatment
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Energy
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Toxins
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Pollution
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MISCELLANEOUS
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ACT /LAW
-requires coal strip
mines to reclaim the
land.
(SMCRA)
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Surface Mining Control &
Reclamation Act:
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1. Type of mining that is cheaper
& can remove more minerals,
less hazardous to workers.
2. Give 2 examples
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Surface Mining
ExamplesStrip
Contour Strip
Open pit
Mountain top removal
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Steps in coal formation:
a. anthracite, peat, lignite, bituminous,
b. lignite, bituminous, anthracite peat,,
c. peat, bituminous. lignite,, anthracite
d. peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
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d. peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
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ROCK CYCLE
The three major
types of rocks are87
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
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After ore is mined , the unusable
part ( ______ ) that remains is
placed in piles called _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Waste , Overburden
Spoil, Seam Waste
Leachate , Tailings
Spoil , Tailings
D. Spoil , Tailings
Mine tailings often include
sulfide compounds.
ACID DRAINAGE
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_______ % of water pollution in
the US come from soil erosion,
atmospheric deposition and
* surface run off.
25 % , 33 % 55% , 75 %
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75%
95% of water pollution in
developing countries come from raw
sewage .
(high population growth without the
money for treatment plants)
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___________________ Act
: set maximum permissible
amounts of water pollutants that
can be discharged into
waterways..aim to make surface
waters swimmable and fishable.
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Clean Water Act
1.5 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and
3 billion people lack good sanitation need to prevent
communicable diseases from spreading.
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Sources of Pollution
•
_______________ pollution sources
(e.g., factories, sewage treatment plants, mines,
oil wells, oil tankers)
(* Identifiable)
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Point Sources
•Nonpoint sources (e.g., acid deposition,
substances picked up in runoff, seepage
into groundwater)
•Agriculture is largest source of
water pollution in the U.S. (64% of
pollutants into streams and 57% of
pollutants entering lakes
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GROUND WATER
Define the terms for:
1. Any water-bearing layer in the
ground.
2. Near the coast, over pumping of
groundwater causes saltwater to move
into the well.
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Aquifer:
Salt water intrusion:
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The 3 major stages of
Water Treatment
Stage and Primary action.
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Primary (mechanical process) – filters out debris
through screens and by allowing it to settle out in a settling tank
Secondary (biological process) – uses aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria to remove organic wastes, includes: trickling filters,
activated sludge process (where bacteria degrades wastes) Combined
w/primary, get out: most suspended particles, oxygen demanding
wastes, toxic metal compounds, and SOME phosphates and nitrates…
Tertiary (chemical process) – very costly, uses
membranes for: reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration
After the last process, water is bleached w/chlorine to disinfect and
then released…
100
An appliance operates at 120 volts and 10.0 amps
for 1 hour. How many kilowatt hours does it use in
that hour?
( Watt-hours = volts x amps x time )
(A) 1.2 kilowatt hours
(B) 12 kilowatt hours
(C) 1.2 watt hours
(D) 120 watt hours
(E). 1200 watt hours
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1.2 kilowatt-hours
1 Watt = 1 J / sec
(Watts = Joules/time)
Watts (x) Time= kWh
kilo=1000
If you see Kw-hr, that is a measure of ENERGY (if you
want to convert JOULES to WATTS, you need to divide it
by TIME)
102
1. A Car that runs on gas and electricity.
2. The meaning of CAFE.
103
HYBRID
Corporate Average Fuel Economy
standards
104
Three Forms of Non-renewable
energy sources. (Fossil Fuels)
In order of World Wide
consumption.
105
OIL-World reserves and global demand
Saudi Arabia – 26% - MOST, then Iraq, Kuwait, Iran…
13 countries w/the most reserves make up OPEC – set
prices (many are located in unstable areas of the world
US uses the most – 26%, then Japan, then China.
COAL- World reserves – US (biggest, 66%), then
Russia, China have largest supply
Global demand – world’s most abundant fossil fuel –
225y at current rate.
NATURAL GAS- “cleanest”
World reserves – 42% in Russia and Kazakhstan,
then Iran, Qatar.
Global demand – 125y of potential reserves
106
List 4 forms of
Renewable Energy Sources.
107
Wind- fastest growing source of energy.
Solar- Heat & Photovoltaic
Geothermal- Heat from the earth.
Hydroelectric-Dams, Tides, Waves
Biofuels- Corn , Soy beans.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells- “future”
108
In addition to CO2, these are two
of the main emissions from coalfired power plants.
109
Mercury,
Hg
Sulphur dioxide, SO2
Nitrogen oxides NO2
and
Particulates/smog
Bioaccumulation inH2O.
ACID RAIN
110
LD50
111
The LD50 is the dose that kills half
(50%) of the animals tested (LD =
"lethal dose").
112
Name two
alternatives / solutions
other than pesticides
to
Control Pests
113
1. Crop rotation
2. Poly culture.
3. Planting trap crops
4. Genetically Resistant Plants
5. Using Natural Enemies to Help
Control Pests:
6. Using Biopesticides to Control Pests
7. Insect Birth Control, Sex Attractants,
and Hormones
8.Hot Water: The ‘Aqua Heat’
9. Radiation:
10. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):
114
The name of the book and
author written about DDT
(Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane ) in 1962.
115
In 1962, Silent
Spring by
American biologist
Rachel Carson
* Cats in
Borneo
& DDT
116
What is one benefit and
one risk of using pesticides.
(+) (-)
117
Benefits:
1.Save human lives
2.Increase profits for farmers
3. Increase food supplies/lower cost
4.work faster/better than alternatives
5.when used properly/risks are less than
benefits
Risks:
1. Genetic resistance to pesticides
**BIGGEST
2. Broad-spectrum insecticides also
kill natural predators/parasites.
3. Pesticides don’t stay put.
4. Can threaten human health
118
What is
FIFRA?
119
Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act
– requires EPA approval for
use of all commercial
pesticides
EPA sets tolerance level specifying amount
of toxic pesticide that can remain on crops
that people eat
Banned: most chlorinated hydrocarbons,
several carbamates /organophosphates
120
Term used to describe the
following condition (s)- cities are
warmer, rainier, foggier, cloudier
than suburbs and rural areas b/c
of heat generated by multiple
pollutants (cars, factories,…) in
the area.
121
HEAT ISLANDS
122
Which of the following is not a
form of indoor air pollution?
A) Asbestos
B) Tobacco smoke
C) Formaldehyde
D) Radon
E) Brown Air Smog
123
Many pollutant level are 2-5x higher inside
than outside, leads to higher risk of cancer and
costs $$ b/c of absenteeism, some main ones:
-Asbestos (from pipe insulation, floor tiles) – can
cause lung cancer
-# 1 Tobacco smoke (from cigarettes) – can cause
lung cancer
-Formaldehyde (from furniture stuffing, insulation)
– throat/lung irritation
-Radon (from radioactive soil near foundation) –
causes lung cancer
-New Building syndrome – being in new
buildings causes sickness b/c of reduced air exchange,
chemicals from new carpets/furniture.
124
The 5 R’s
of waste
reduction.
125
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Repurpose
Refuse
* Re-buy ?
126
Is the increase in concentration of a substance,
such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a
food chain as a consequence of eating at a
higher trophic layer.
Occurs within a trophic level, and is the
increase in concentration of a substance in an
individuals' tissues due to uptake from food
and sediments in an aquatic milieu.
FOOD
127
Biomagnification
Minamata
Disease:
mental
impairment
s caused by
Bioaccumulation
mercury
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129
3
ways to dispose of
MSW
(municipal solid waste)
130
Incineration
Landfills
Recycle
Compost
Exporting waste
•The “TRASH NO ONE WANTED”
from The Islip, L.I.
131
The name given to the
environmental program
established to address
abandoned hazardous
waste sites.
132
SUPERFUND
CERCLA– Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
The Love Canal, New York
133
Which of the following means “trade off”
– _____________ banking is when
destruction of existing wetland/land is
allowed as long as an equal area of the
same type of wetland/land is created or
restored
A) Preservation
B) Restoration
C) Remediation
D) Mitigation
134
Mitigation
Preservation – set aside land for protection – John
Muir was an early leader of the preservationist movement
he also founded the Sierra Club
Remediation – similar to decontamination - removal
or neutralization of chemical substances from a site to
prevent any adverse effects
Mitigation – (not always successful – but better than
nothing)
Restoration – trying to restore a degraded habitat or
ecosystem to a condition as close as possible to the predegraded state.
135
How many children should each
woman have, to do no more than
replace herself and her mate (assuming
one mate)?
What is the term for this?
136
Replacement fertility level (RFL)
As a global average, she should have about 2.1
children.
Developing countries it is higher.
The number is slightly higher than two to account for
infant mortality.
Reproduction at this level is called- (RFL)
____________________________
* Total fertility rate (TFR)
137
An abnormal warming of
surface ocean waters in the
eastern tropical Pacific, is one
part of what's called the
Southern Oscillation.
138
El Nino
Drought
NoUpwelling
139
The
spreading of a
city and its
suburbs over
rural land at
the fringe of
an urban
area.
140
Urban sprawl,
also known as suburban sprawl,
“Urbanization”
* Urban Blight-A run-down area of the city
141
FINAL JEOPARDY
Founder of the
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John Muir
143