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Transcript
Study Guide For Egypt Test 1. Who was the Great Pyramid built for? King Khufu 2. What was the capstone covered in? gold 3. Facts about the Great Pyramid. *281’ tall *40 stories tall *blocks are 2-15 tons each *2,3000,000 blocks *755’ on each side *no more than 7” off on each side * Each side represents a cardinal direction *could not slide a piece of paper between the blocks * 13 acre base ***Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still standing*** 4. Who was the Step Pyramid built for? King Djoser/Zoser 5. Who was on the face of the Sphinx? King Khafre 6. Who was the bent pyramid built for? Snefru 7. Who united Egypt in 3200 BCE? King Narmer 8. Who was known at the Boy King because he became pharaoh at age 9? King Tut 9. Who found King Tut’s tomb in tact? When? Howard Carter in 1922 10. What is it about the Great Pyramid that makes it so amazing today? Only one of the ancient wonders of the world still standing 11. Who is King Tut’s mother-in law? Nerfertiti 12. When a king is alive on earth, he is ____Horus___ , the son of __Ra__. When He dies he becomes _____Osiris___. 13. Draw the three crowns and identify which part of Egypt each represent and what color they are. Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Unified Egypt 14. Who was the first successful woman pharaoh? Hatshepsut 15. What queen is most known for her artist bust of her? Nefertiti 16. What queen helped relations with Rome after marrying two men from there? Cleopatra 17. How long does the process of mummification take? 40-70 days 18. What 4 organs do they remove to mummify? lungs, liver, intestines, stomach 19. What organ is left in the body? heart 20. What part of the body was taken out and thrown away? brain 21. What do the 4 tops of the canopic jars represent? 4 sons of Horus 22. Which organ is in which jar? (tell what top of the jar has which organ) Falcon head Intestines Jackal head stomach Baboon head lungs Human head liver 23. What is the body covered in so that it may dry out the body? natron (called the divine salt) 24. What was Egypt known as? The gift of the Nile 25. What was the annual flooding of the river valley called? Inundation 26. What was left behind after the flooding and how did it help the Egyptians? A black silt was left behind and it made the land fertile for growing crops. 27. What were some natural protective barriers that surrounded Ancient Egypt? deserts, rivers, a few mountains 28. What was the most important archaeological find that allowed us to decipher the Egyptian language? Who’s army found it? Rosetta Stone, Napoleon’s Army 29. What was the Egyptian language called? Hieroglyphics 30. Who were the record keepers/writers that attended school? Scribes 31. How long was the week during Ancient Egyptian times? 10 days 32. What did they do to their calendar that made it more like ours today? Added 5 days to make it 365 days 33. What did Egyptians use to help with pain? herbs 34. Who is Ma’at? How is she shown? Goddess of peace, harmony, truth, & justice – she is shown with one long ostrich feather in her hair. 35. What is the concept of “ma’at” that the Egyptians wanted to maintain? the idea of maintaining peace & harmony 36. What are the six essences of the body? ka, ba, name, shadow, aka, physical 37. What was the purpose of the weighing of the heart ceremony? Who was in charge of the ceremony? Anubis was in charge of the ceremony. He would weigh the heart of the dead on a scale against the magic feather of Ma’at. If the person lived a good life, had good memories and was sin free, their heart would weigh less than the feather and they would go on to the afterlife. If they had sinned, had too many bad memories, or did not live a good life, the Devourer would eat the heart and the person would not be allowed to go on to the afterlife. Identify the following Gods and Goddesses: 38. Osiris – God of the Underworld, God of the Dead 39. Isis – wife/sister of Osiris 40. Seth (Set) - God of Evil, Chaos, & Darkness, brother of Osiris/Isis and he killed Osiris 41. Anubis – God of Mummification 42. Horus – Son of Osiris & Isis, falcon head 43. Thoth - God of Wisdom and Writing 44. Re/Ra – God of the Sun 45. Amun Ra – Chief God 46. Sobek – God of the Nile, crocodile head 47. Hapi – also considered God of the Nile but the Nile Delta – thought to bring silt to the delta 48. The story of Osiris. This will be on your test. Osiris was king and was married to his sister Isis. Osiris’s brother Seth (Set) was very jealous of him and wanted to be pharaoh. He tricked Osiris by having a festival and with a contest to see who could fit into a beautiful trunk he had made. In order to win the person would have to fit into the trunk. Seth had the trunk made specifically to fit Osiris. When Osiris got into the trunk, Seth slammed the lid shut and had it sealed. He had it thrown into the Nile River for him to die. Isis was very upset and set out in search of the trunk. She found it stuck in some tree roots. When Seth heard of this, he found the box himself, cut Osiris up into 14 pieces and threw his body in different parts of the Nile. Isis enlisted the help of Anubis and they were able to find his body parts. With her magic and Anubis’s powers of mummification, they were able to put him back together. Osiris could no longer be alive on earth, so he became King of the Underworld. Isis and Osiris’s son, Horus, went to seek revenge for his father’s death. Seth tore out Horus’s eye and it was mended by Thoth. Eventually Horus beat Seth. Now when a king is alive on earth he is considered Horus, son of Ra, and when he dies he becomes Osiris. The “eye of Horus” became known as a symbol of protection. Define the following: 48. shadoof: a long pole with a weighted end & a bucket on the other to lift water out of the river 49. embalming: process to preserve dead bodies 50. hieroglyphics: picture writing of Ancient Egypt 51. papyrus: plant used to make paper & boats 52. canopic jars: held the removed mummified organs of the pharoah 53. inundation: annual flooding of the Nile River 54. sarcophagus: coffin or tomb 55. cataracts: steep rapids formed by cliffs & boulders 56. ka: body double 57. ba: soul or spirit – can transform into many things, usually a bird 58. mastabas: large rectangular tombs for the King’s family and nobles 59. natron: divine salt used to dry out the body 60. mummification: process of restoring dead bodies 61. Name 4 items the Ancient Egyptians ate. bread, fish, fruit, onions, beans, beer, wine ** also see next question ** 62. Name 4 crops they grew. onions, barley, beans, wheat, sesame, radishes, lettuce, chick peas, lemons, grapes, corn, pomegranate 63. What was the meat not eaten during Ancient Egyptian times? Pork 64. What was the most common drink? beer 65. What was the most common piece of furniture? 3 legged stool 66. What was the most popular game played in Ancient Egypt? Senet 67. What were some instruments played in Ancient Egypt? Lyre, flute, lute, obo, trumpet, harp drums, rattles, tambourines 68. What were jobs that the people of Ancient Egypt did? Men - carpenters, sculptors, shepherds, painters, potters, farmers, fishermen Women - dancers, acrobats, musicians, cleaning, cooking 69. What were things that both men and women wore? Wigs, makeup like eyeliner, jewelry 70. Why did Ancient Egyptians believe social classes were a good idea during their time? They believed that if everyone knew their role or job in society, it would run smoother or function better. 71. What was the main economic resource for Ancient Egypt? Farming 72. What were the three seasons of Ancient Egypt? Flooding – Jun-Oct Growing – Oct-Feb Harvesting – March-May 73. How long was the Nile River? 4,000 miles 74. Give 3-4 ways in which the Nile River influenced the Ancient Egyptians and explain how. Transportation – trade or travel & seeing other cultures Food – fishing, irrigating crops, trading for food Irrigation – crops 75. Who became the trading center and traded with both Egypt and Central Africa? Kush 76. Explain why they became the trading center and how it affected their people. They traded with more than one place & were in a central area. They became rich and learned many new cultures from the places they traded with. 77. Egypt and Kush fought as well as had times of peace. How do we know they were at peace with each other sometimes? Because there is evidence they traded with each other. 78. What happened when Kush conquered the New Kingdom? Egypt and Kush became one kingdom 79. How did Egypt obtain items they could not grow or make themselves? trade 80. The process of mummification (know the steps) 1. wash the body in wine 2. break the nose and pull out the brain with a hook 3. take out the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines 4. put organs and body in natron salt to dry out 5. wash the body with palm oil or other ointments to soften 6. wrap organs and body in linen and insert jewels or other good luck charms (amulets and put organs into the canopic jars 7. paint mask on mummy 8. put tar or gum on linen to seal 9. put body in sarcophagus and paint sarcophagus 81. What was the reason for the shape of the Bent pyramid? Technology increased for the Ancient Egyptians over time. As the Bent pyramid was being built, they realized they had made a mathematical error in their calculations and had to adjust it. When they made the adjustment, it caused the top part of the pyramid to look as if it was “bent.” 82. How was the Ancient Egyptian social pyramid structured? ******* Can use the questions for a study guide too ******** Questions for the test will be a come from a combination of this study guide (mostly) and the presentation question sheet and activities from your IN.