Download After the victory at Saratoga

1775- 1783
• Primary source
of American
soldiers who died
in Lexington and
Concord.
1. Fighting Begins in the North
Redcoat
Continental Army Soldier
President was John Hancock
Section 1: Fighting Begins
Vocabulary
This is the document in which the Second
Continental Congress & John Dickenson :
1) declared loyalty to the King- BUT
2) Repeal The Intolerable Acts
• Open ports in Boston
• Allow town meetings
• Repeal Quartering Act
• Officials charged with crimes could still be tried
in England.
3) END FIGHTING
• colonists who
favored war against
Britain were
Weapons
• Bayonets
Musket
British Characteristics
Colonial Characteristic
Powerful Nation
Had control of little
gunpowder & few cannons
Strong navy used to blockade
and move troops
No navy
3,000 miles from home
Excellent leadership
Risked attack as they marched
out of cities into country side
Fighting to defend homes
and property
Had not received formal
training
Individual militias did not
want to work together
2 months for supplies and
fresh troops to arrive
Army was disciplined
Hessian troops were hired
In Jan. 1776 – Cont.
Army surprised and
defeated the Br.
2. Ethan Allen led
Gen. Howe retreats
troops in the secret
to Canada
attack of Fort
Ticonderoga
Desperate Times
• Massachusetts
Battle of Bunker Hill
• The first major battle
of the American
Revolution
Although Americans lost, it
proved that they were brave
and would not be easily
• The first major defeated
battle of the
American
Revolution
• Won by the
British
• 1,000 Redcoats
Killed
• 400
Americans killed
Bunker Hill
To block
• George III ordered the blockade of all
American ports.
These were soldiers
hired from Germany
to help the British
Army.
These men were called
Hessians
Preparing for War
Common
Sense
traitor
In this pamphlet Thomas Paine told
the colonist to break free from
England
One who betrays his or her country
Declaration of July 4, 1776- written by T. Jefferson
Independence John Hancock signed it first
Preamble
Introduction
Natural Rights Rights that belong to all people from
birth
III. Congress Acts
• Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced a
resolution in favor of Independence
• Making the break was dangerous =Traitors
• Committee: John Adams, Franklin, T.J.,
Livingston, Sherman
Best writer
III. Declaration of Independence
• Preamble
Part 1: Basic Rights- Inalienable Rights
Part 2: List of Wrongs- Taxes (Grievances)
Part 3: Colonies declare Independence (USA)
IV. Nation Divided
Loyalist
Patriots
Loyal to the king
More in the South
Were tarred and
feathered
Many fled to
England
Lost property
Wanted
independence
Radicals and
moderates
Tories
Loyalists
Patriots
Undecided
1/3
1/3
1/3
Section 3: Struggle in the Middle
States
I. Introduction- Most early battles took place
in New Eng.
II. Darkest Days occurred in Middle States.
II. Battle of New York- August 1776
A. Howe had 34,000 troops & 10,000 sailors
Washington had 20,000 poorly trained
soldiers & no navy
B. Battle of L.I-1,400 American killed, wounded
C. Washington – retreated by crossing the
Delaware >> N.J. >> PA.
D. Nathan Hale, a young officer, was used as a
spy and hanged by British soldiers.
III. Needed Victories
• Crossing the Delaware to N. Jersey
• Washington surprises hessian troops at
the Battle of Trenton on Dec. 26 1776:
Hessian population at 8:00 A.M. – 1,046
Hessian population at 9:00 A.M. – 0
• Br. Gen. Cornwallis wants retake his fort.
But was tricked by Washington with
campfires left burning. Cornwallis was
surprised and defeated.
Washington crosses the Delaware
River.
• In July 1777, British plan- cut off New England
from the rest of the colonies
• Br. Wanted to take control of NY and the
Hudson River and stop the flow of goods to
other colonies.
VII. Americans get help from Overseas
AFTER the victory at Saratoga.
Why?
• Foreign countries realized that
Americans actually had a
chance to WIN!!!
• Spain joined the Americans
• France becomes and ally and
declares war on Britain- gives
military and naval support
• 1777- Baron Von Steuben
helped train troops
with bayonets
After the victory at Saratoga
•During 1777-1778
•Washington and his army faced
terrible conditions in PA.
•Soldiers suffered from frostbite
and disease.
“I am sick-discontented-and out of humor.
Poor food-hard lodging-cold weather-fatigue-nasty
Clothes-nasty cookery…a pox on my bad luck!
There comes a bowl of beef soup, full of burnt
leaves and dirt.
…Away with it, boys- I’ll live like the chameleon
upon.
Army Surgeon, Dr. Waldo 12/14/1777
Valley Forge, PA
The British Plan of 1777
• Burgoyne
Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler
Surrender at Saratoga
At the start of the war General George Washington
did not want African Americans to fight in the
military.
Washington changed his tune once he heard that
the British were offering FREEDOM
for those slaves who served the king.
By the late 1770’s 5,000 African-Americans
fought for the Continental Army
Other Battlefronts
• John Paul Jones captured British ships
• South Carolina; major victory for the
Continental Army
• Bloodiest of the War
• Daniel Morgan
• Used guerilla warfare
Section 5: Winning the war in the
South
• October 19, 1781
8,000 British troops under Lord Cornwallis
surrender at Yorktown, Virginia.
Treaty of Paris 1783…Again
• Florida was returned to Spain
• United States was recognized as
an independent nation
Now you need a government:
The first constitution was called the
Articles of Confederation
It eventually failed because it had
NO court system.
Northwest Ordinance:
Stated that in order to establish a new state the
territory had to have:
1. NO SLAVERY
2. 60,000 free settlers
3. Settlers had to pay $640.00 for 1 square mile
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