Download F10 History of Public Health

Early History:
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Trial and Error (lay-referral network)
Medical lore passed down from
generation to generation
Throughout history people have
always turned to some type of
medicine man or physician for counsel
Ancient Cultures:
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Good hygiene practices
Paved streets, drains, sewer systems
Code of Hammurabi
Before science enabled us to
determine pathogenic causes of
disease, spiritual explanations and
leadership prevailed
Greeks:
Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual
 Hippocrates and the
“atomic theory” (p.43)
 Recorded observations
between disease and
geography, living conditions,
climate, and diet
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Romans:
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Conquered the Greeks, but retained
their medical knowledge
Exceptional builders of water and
sewage systems
Attention to where they located
towns and drainage
Advanced study of human anatomy
and surgery
Middle Ages:
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In order for people to be protected,
they built fortresses around their
property and animals
Overcrowding and sanitation
Little emphasis on cleanliness in early
Christianity
Disease was caused by sin or disobeying
God
Time of great epidemics – bubonic plague
Renaissance:
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Beginning of change
Disease and plague still rampant
Bloodletting popular
“water casting”
Barbers performed surgery and
dentistry
Hygiene of royalty
Renaissance cont.
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Printing press invented so classical
writing could be reproduced
OK to study the human body and
anatomy advanced
Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope
John Graunt made advancement in epi
“health boards” began to be developed in
communities
Age of Enlightenment:
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Disease and plagues still raged
Miasmas theory of disease took hold
Mind and body were dependent on one
another
Edward Jenner discovered vaccine
procedure for smallpox
1800’s (Bacterial period of public Health)
First half of the century diseases
continued to rage
 1842 Edwin Chadwick’s
report
 1849 John Snow and
the Broad Street pump
 Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease
 Joseph Lister – antiseptic method
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Health Education & Promotion
in the United States
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Early colonial schools
1647 – “Old Deluder” law
By mid 1800’s schools were tax
supported and attendance was required
1850 –first mandate to teach
physiology and hygiene in all public
schools
1850 - Shattuck Report
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1873 – APHA started
1874-1890 Women’s Crusade, later
called the Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
1890’s - medical inspections began
1901- Thomas Wood
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1914 - Demonstration projects began
1914 – WWI, 1st large scale measure
of health status of Americans
1920’s-1930’s many studies designed
to clarify the role of health education
Great Depression, 1929-1941
WWII, 1939-1945
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1950 – Health Education was emerging
as integral part of elementary,
secondary, & college curriculum
1970’s:The Era of Prevention
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1971 – Coalition of National Health
Organizations formed
1974 – LaLonde Report
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Health Field Concept
1974 – CDC was established
1979 – Healthy People: The Surgeon
General’s Report on Health Promotion
and Disease Prevention was published
1980’s
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Promoting Health & Preventing Disease:
Objectives for the Nation
Initial Role Delineation study for Health
Education
Examination of professional preparation
programs and professional competencies
First Certified Health Education
Specialists (CHES) recognized
1990’s
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National Health Education Standards
published
Responsibilities/competencies for
entry-level Health Educators published
SOC designation for Health Educators
Competencies Update Project (CUP)
2000’s
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Unified Code of Ethics
Report of Joint Committee on Health
Education & Promotion Terminology
Promotion of CHES
Revised national HE competencies (3
levels) based on CUP
Outcome-Based Education & Practice