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Science TAKS:
Bell Ringers
Prepared for the Scurry-Rosser High School
Science Department
Objective 3, B.12B
Interpret interactions among organisms
exhibiting predation, parasitism, commensalism,
and mutualism.
Important Definitions
• Commensalism - A symbiotic relationship between
two organisms of different species in which one
derives some benefit while the other is unaffected.
• Mutualism - An association between organisms of two
different species in which each member benefits.
• Parasitism - the relation between two different kinds
of organisms in which one receives benefits from the
other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal
damage)
• Predation - a relation between animals in which one
organism captures and feeds on others.
#1) Clown fish are small reef fish that seek
protection from predators by sheltering
themselves among the stinging tentacles
of sea anemones. Clown fish are very
territorial and can potentially scare off
predators of sea anemones. This
relationship is an example of
A. neutralism
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. commensalism
State Average: 51% correct
Use the information below and your knowledge of
science to answer questions #33-35.
Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident.
In 1880, Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from cholera.
To study the disease, Pasteur and his assistants gave injections of
cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually
died from cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one
group of chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that these chickens had
been injected with a six-week-old batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and
injected these chickens a second time. They also injected a group of
chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised
that the chickens that had been injected previously with the old bacteria
remained healthy, while all the chickens in the second group became
sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened
pathogens can provide immunity from disease. The idea was later used
to protect animals from other serious diseases. Today immunizations
help protect people from many illnesses.
Cholera-causing bacteria belong to the genus Vibrio.
Some species of Vibrio cause diseases in chickens
and humans. However, some species have
mutualistic relationships with fish and other marine
life.
#2) Which of these is the best example of mutualistic
relationship in an aquatic environment?
F. Some fish can survive repeated infections by
harmful bacteria.
G. Some fish have bacteria living in their digestive
tract that help the fish digest food.
H. Some bacteria are present in aquatic food chains
in which fish are secondary consumers.
J. Some bacteria are aquatic decomposers that
recycle nutrients useful to fish.
State Average: 54% correct
#3) Which situation best represents a
mutualistic relationship?
A. A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from the
intestine of a dog.
B. An orchid being pollinated by a nectar collecting
wasp.
C. A human losing blood to a feeding mosquito.
D. An armadillo rooting in the soil at the base of an
oak tree.
State Average: 64% correct
Epiphytes
• Epiphytes (example: some orchids) live on trees so
they can receive more sunlight.
• Epiphytes have aerial roots that absorb water and
minerals from rainwater.
• Epiphytes do not affect the trees on which they
live.
#4) Which of these best describes the
relationship between epiphytes and trees?
F. Parasitism
G. Migration
H. Commensalism
J. Predation
State Average: Tested Feb-2006
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia enter the root
hairs of bean plants. The bacteria are located in
small root structures called nodules. The plants
provide energy to the bacteria, and in return, the
plants receive nitrogen for growth from the bacteria.
#5) According to the information in the box, which
of these best describes the relationship
between rhizobia and bean plants?
A. Parasitism
B. Opportunism
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism
State Average: Tested Oct-2005
TAKS Question Set Answers
•
•
•
•
•
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
B
G
B
H
D