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Integumentary System
Chapter 3
Structure
Epidermis
• Stratum corneum
• Basal layer
Dermis (corium)
• Subcutaneous tissue
• Binds dermis to
underlying structures
Structure of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue.
Skin’s Accessory Organs
• Sebaceous (oil) glands
• Sudoriferous (sweat)
glands
• Hair
• Nails
Structure of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue.
Skin Function
• Covers and protects the body from pathogens
and other harmful substances.
• Sweat and oil glands produce secretions.
• Contains an intricate network of sensory
receptors.
Skin Function
• Regulates body temperature, pain, and
pressure.
• Synthesizes vitamin D.
• Melanocytes produced in basal layer give
color to the skin.
Structure and Function Exercise
1. What does the term integument mean?
2. What are the accessory structures of the skin?
3. What are the functions of the subcutaneous
layer of tissue?
Structure and Function Exercise
4. In the basal layer, what specialized cells
protect the skin from damaging effects of the
sun?
5. Which accessory organs produce oil?
6. List the sensations provided by the skin.
Combining Forms
cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o: Skin
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: Fat
Ex: Steatorrhea is the medical term for fat in
stool.
hidr/o, sudor/o: Sweat (diaphoretic)
Ex: Sudoresis, Hidradenitis (lump/pimple in sweat
gland)
Do not confuse hidr/o with hydroichthy/o: scaly skin, ex: Ichthyosis (scaley/dry
skin)
Sweating
• __________________________ – diffuse,
excessive sweating, usually as a symptom or
side effect
• Hyperhidrosis pertains to sweating excessively
and unpredictably, usually as a result of
overactive sweat glands.
• Sudoriferous bearing or secreting sweat.
cyan/o:
Bluesish tint to skin (cyanosis)
melan/o:
Pigment of skin/melanoma
(mole appearance)
kerat/o:
Transparent part of outer
covering of eye
myc/o:
_____________________
Combining Forms
onych/o:
_____________________________
pil/o, trich/o:
_____________________________
scler/o:
_____________________________
seb/o:
_____________________________
Combining Forms
squam/o:
_______________________
leuk/o:
_______________________
erythr/o:
_______________________
Suffixes
1.-derma:
___________________________
2.-oid:
___________________________
3.-phoresis:
___________________________
4.-plasty:
___________________________
Build Medical Words
1. softening of the nail(s): onych/o/
2. treatment with cold:
/o/
3. discharge or flow of sebum:
/o/
4. pertaining to under the skin: sub/
/
Build Medical Words
5.abnormal condition of blue (skin):
6.condition of sweat: suder/
7.softening of a nail:
/o/
/
Build Medical Words
8. white cell:
9. black cell:
10. skin that is dry:
11. transplantation of same (species):
Build Medical Words
12. tumor (composed of) cancer:
13. skin (condition associated) with pus:
14. discharge or flow of sebum:
15. treatment with cold:
Skin Pathology – pages 84 - 89
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
• Malignancy of
basal layer is
commonly caused
by repeated
overexposure to
the sun.
Basal cell carcinoma with pearly,
flesh-colored papule with depressed
center and rolled edge.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Signs and Symptoms
• Locally invasive tumor,
but rarely metastasizes.
• Tumors grow slowly, but
commonly ulcerate.
• Predominant in fairskinned men older than
60 years.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Skin cancer of the squamous cells – top layer
• Potential for metastasis
Malignant Melanoma
• Malignant melanoma is the most
aggressive and life-threatening skin
cancer. It develops in the cells that give
the skin its color (melanocytes) and has a
very high tendency to spread to other
parts of the body. ___________________
Malignant Melanoma
• Mal-
________________________
• ignis
________________________
• Melan/o
________________________
• -oma
__________________________
Clinically Related Exercise
1. Mr. T is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his
face will not spread but will remain localized.
Eventually it will destroy underlying and adjacent
tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the
body to another site is called
.
2. A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell
carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is
advised that the most common site of this skin
cancer is the
.
Abscess
• Localized collection of
pus at infection site
(characteristically a
staphylococcal
infection).
• A furuncle, or boil, is an
abscess in a hair follicle
and adjacent
subcutaneous tissue.
Psoriasis – auto immune disease of the
skin
• Inflammatory chronic
skin condition marked
by thick, flaky, red
patches of various
sizes, covered with
silvery scales.
Psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis
• A form of arthritis that affects some people
who have the skin condition psoriasis.
• A biologic is manufactured in a living system
such as a microorganism, or plant or animal
cells.
Acne Vulgaris
• Inflammatory disease of the
sebaceous glands and hair
follicles.
• Marked by appearance of
papules, pustules, and
comedones.
• More common in adolescents
and young adults between ages
12 and 35.
Acne vulgaris
Scabies
• Contagious parasitic skin
infection that is the result of
infestation by the itch mite.
• Produces intense pruritus
and a sensation of
something crawling on the
skin.
• Most common symptom is a
rash.
Scabies with rash surrounding
the abdominal area.
Impetigo
• Common contagious,
superficial skin infection.
• Manifests with early
vesicular or pustular
lesions that rupture and
form thick yellow crusts.
Impetigo on the face.
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
1. alopecia:
2. débridement:
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
3. ecchymosis:
4. hematoma:
Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
5. urticaria:
6. vitiligo:
Diagnostic Procedures
Allergy skin test
• Suspected allergen is applied
to or injected into the skin to
determine patient’s
sensitivity to it.
• Intradermal test identifies
suspected allergens by
subcutaneously injecting
small amounts of extracts of
the allergens and observing
the skin for a reaction.
Allergy skin test.
Intradermal allergy test
reactions.
Diagnostic Procedures
Biopsy
• Excision of a piece of tissue from a body site
for microscopic examination.
• Tissue is sent to the pathology laboratory for
evaluation.
• Used to confirm a diagnosis, estimate
prognosis, or follow the course of a disease.
Build Medical Words
1. inflammation of skin:
2. instrument to cut skin:
3. tumor (consisting) of fat:
Build Medical Words
4. excision or removal of a nail:
5. skin that is blue (in color):
6. surgical repair of the skin:
Medical and Surgical Procedures – pages 91-92
Débridement
• Removal of foreign material and dead or
damaged tissue, especially in a wound.
I&D
• Incision of a lesion followed by the drainage of
its content, such as an abscess.
Medical and Surgical Procedures
Mohs surgery
• Layers of cancer-containing skin are
progressively excised and examined.
• Repetition of this procedure until only cancerfree tissue remains.
Medical and Surgical Procedures
Skin graft
• Allograft, transplantation of healthy tissue
from one person to another person; also
called homograft.
•
• Autograft, transplantation of healthy tissue
from one site to another site in the same
individual.
Skin Graft
• Synthetic, transplantation of artificial skin
produced from collagen fibers.
• Recipient’s body does not reject synthetic skin.
• Xenograft, transplantation (dermis only) from
a foreign donor (usually a pig) to a human; also
called heterograft.
Pharmacology
Antibiotics
• Destroy bacteria that cause skin infections
Antifungals
• Destroy fungi that infect skin
Antipruritics
• Reduce severe itching
Corticosteroids
• Anti-inflammatories that treat skin inflammation
Clinically Related Exercise
1. To treat a bacterial skin infection, the
physician prescribes a/an (antifungal,
antibiotic, corticosteroid).
2. Eddie developed a poison ivy rash after a
camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to
decrease inflammation and itching. This drug
is called a/an (antifungal, antibiotic,
corticosteroid).