Download ATP and Photosynthesis Notes

ATP
Cells need energy for:
1. For active transport, cell
division, movement,
production of proteins.
2. Organisms need energy to
move, digest food, repair
cells.
ATP is:
adenosine
adenosine
triphosphate
diphosphate
 Adenosine tri phosphate
 Universal energy molecule.
 All parts of a cell can obtain
energy from ATP.
 Made of an adenosine
molecule with three
phosphate groups attached.
ADP is:
adenosine
adenosine
triphosphate
diphosphate
 Adenosine di phosphate.
 Has 2 phosphate groups
attached to adenosine
molecule
 Stores less energy than
ATP
ATP
 How is ATP
created?
 How does a
cell get energy
from ATP?
 Energy is used to add a
Phosphate to ADP making
it ATP.
 This new molecule (ATP)
stores the energy.
 The 3rd phosphate is
removed from ATP,
releasing the energy that
was stored in the bond.
Overview:
 ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to cell functions
– Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
– ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is
added.
phosphate removed
Photosynthesis
 Chlorophyll is a
molecule that absorbs
light energy.
• In plants, chlorophyll is
found in organelles called
chloroplasts
chloroplast
leaf cell
leaf
Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of
chloroplasts (in plants!)
 grana (thylakoids)
 stroma
grana (thylakoids)
chloroplast
stroma
Photosynthesis is:
 Chemical reaction that occurs in cells
with chloroplasts
 Uses suns energy to convert CO2 and
H2O into sugar (glucose) and oxygen.
 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
 2 stages
1. light dependent
2. Light Independent (Calvin Cycle)
 The light-dependent reactions capture
energy from sunlight.
–
–
–
–
take place in thylakoids
water and sunlight are needed
chlorophyll absorbs energy
energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to
light-independent reactions
– oxygen is released
 Light-independent reactions make sugars.
– take place in stroma
– needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere
– use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical
reactions
 The equation for the overall process is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Stacks of Thylakiods)
http://www.d214.org/assets/2/Documents/B
asicRespiratoryWebquest_Conlin_PrepBio
1.pdf
ATP
Stroma (fluid
outside the
thylakoids)
Summary of
Photosynthesis
 Light dependent, use water and release
oxygen
 Light independent (calvin cycle), added
carbon dioxide and released glucose
 Reactants = Water and carbon dioxide
 Products = oxygen and glucose
Factors affecting Rate of
Photosynthesis:
1. Water
 shortage can slow or stop photosynthesis
2. Temperature
 Too hot or too cold can damage enzymes
slowing or stopping photosynthesis
3. Intensity of Light
 Increasing light increases photosynthesis (to
a point)