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Lasley & Guskos, Criminal Investigation: An Illustrated
Case Study Approach 1ed
Chapter 14
LARCENY-THEFT SCENES
Class Name,
Instructor Name
Date, Semester
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Summarize the trends and types of larceny theft
Describe how larceny-theft investigations are conducted
Describe the different types of fraud and how fraud
investigations are conducted
Know how cons, scams, and schemes are carried out and
investigated
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
Summarize the trends and types of
larceny theft
Larceny-Theft Definition
Crimes involving the taking of anything of
value without the consent of its owner, with
the intent to permanently deprive him/her
of value of the property taken
Larceny-Theft Examples
•
Theft of Services, e.g., pirating cable TV, phone, or
other utilities
•
Theft by Check, e.g., writing bad or forged checks for
purchases
•
Theft by Deception, e.g., making a false insurance
claim
•
Larceny by Theft, e.g., taking and carrying away
someone’s property, as in the case of shoplifting
•
Larceny by Trickery, e.g., posing as a salesman and
conning someone to give you their property
•
Larceny by Fraud, e.g., using a stolen credit card to
make purchases, and other forms of identity theft
Identity Theft
6
White-collar Crime Examples
• Health Care Fraud, e.g., doctors charging insurance
companies for medical procedures that they did not
perform
• Theft of Trade Secrets, e.g., corrupt employees or
organizations who sell product formulas, chemical
compounds, plans for devices, or other proprietary
information belonging to manufacturers, businesses,
and corporations
• Anti-Trust/Price Fixing, e.g., individuals or businesses
that work as a team to illegally inflate or deflate prices
for products, thereby limiting competition in the open
market for products and services
7
Elements of Larceny-Theft
Taking
• Removal of property from its
original location
Intent to
• Offenders state of mind must
be to permanently deprive
Permanently
owner of the object/item
Deprive
Have
Sufficient
Value
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• Seriousness is determined by
the value of the stolen item
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
Describe how larceny theft
investigations are conducted
Investigation Evidence
Forgery
Fake and altered checks
Paper hanging
Check kiting
10
Shoplifting
Amateurs (Snitch):
• Bored juveniles/peer
pressure
• Kleptomaniacs
• Drug addicts
• Vagrants
11
Professionals
(boosters/heels):
• Act as if normal
patrons of a store
• Steal higher amount
items
• Can have multiple
offenders for one
event
Shoplifting Investigative Methods:
Locating Signs
Umbrella over an arm
Folded-up/rolled
newspaper
Strollers/diaper bags
Large coats
Shopping bags
Fitting rooms/bathrooms
with items
Employee is asked to look Nervous and engage in
for item for offender
short conversations
Oversize clothing
Strange behavior/crotch
walk
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Large number of same
items in shopping carts
Employee Theft
Embezzlement
• Use of money or property
by the employee in a
manner inconsistent with
that specified by the
employer
• Mishandling of property
Pilfering
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Identity Theft
Mail Theft
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Public ID
Theft
Change of
address, steal
mail, dumpster
dive
Social security
numbers,
employee
badges, forms
of ID
Personal ID
Theft
Electronic ID
Theft
Financial
documents,
resources, social
security numbers
from legal
documents
Hacking
computers, cell
phones, phishing,
pharm
techniques,
skimming
Social Security Numbers
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Crimes Related to ID Theft
Gaining
access to
credit
card
accounts
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Opening
new
accounts
in victims
name
Access to
victims
bank
account,
telephone
accounts
Nonfinancial use of stolen IDs
• For illegal immigration purposes, e.g., false citizenship
claims, obtaining medical or social assistance,
applying for employment
• Obtaining government licenses, e.g., obtaining a
fraudulent driver’s license, vehicle registration,
professional/employment certification
• Terrorism, e.g., purchasing firearms, obtaining
passports, acquiring student visas, purchasing items
used to create explosives or aid in terrorist attacks.
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Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
Describe the different types of fraud
and how fraud investigations are
conducted
Identity Theft Act (1998)
Identity theft is a federal offense in cases
where an individual:
knowingly transfers or uses, without lawful authority, a
means of identification of another person with the
intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity
that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that
constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local
law
19
Identity Theft Act (2004 addition)
The Act was enhanced in 2004 to include
enhanced penalties for acts of
“Aggressive Identity Theft,” which include
the intentional theft and use of stolen IDs
for acts of terrorism
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Credit Card Fraud
Application Fraud: assuming someone's
identity or financial fraud through
application of credit cards
Interception: intercepting a credit card
before it gets to the owner
Lost/stolen Cards: offenders use the cards
for cash advances and buy goods
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Credit Card Fraud
Altered/Counterfeit Cards: credit card
magnetic strip is damaged so the numbers
must be used
Skimming: electronically gains the data from
the credit card for use
Illegitimate computer applications: web
pages are used to acquire a victim’s credit
card information
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Altered Cards
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ATM Scams
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Card
skimming
Spy camera
Fake ATM
Card
Trapping
Distraction
Theft
Shoulder
Surfing
Leaving Live
Transactions
Cash
Trapping
Network
Attacks
ATM Scams
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Health Care Fraud
Billing for services not rendered
Upcoding-intentionally inputting a code for
a procedure which was costlier
Unbundling- payments for tests/services
related to the medical condition billed
together
Excessive and unnecessary services
Kickbacks- illegal payments for referrals or
other related services
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Healthcare Fraud Example
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Mortgage Fraud
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Illegal
Property
Flipping
Straw
Buyer
Equity
Theft
Chunking
Mortgage Fraud
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Churning
Illegal Short
Selling
Mortgage
Debt &
Foreclosure
Elimination
Scheme
Predatory
Lending
Practices
Insurance Fraud
Swoop
and Squat
Sudden
Stop
Backing
Paper
Collisions
Phantom
Car
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Telephone and Marketing Scams
Fake check scams—asking victim to pay an advance
with a check, prize winning, etc.
Prize/sweepstakes scam—offender wants victim to pay
an advance deposit or fee to receive the prize
Other scams—credit loans, job search services,
magazine subscriptions, etc.
Denial of service attacks—checking/savings information
of victims is received with access codes
Cramming—charges for additional goods and services
established through unauthorized, misleading, or
deceptive means crammed into a victims phone bill
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Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
Know how cons, scams, and schemes
are carried out and investigated
Scams, Schemes, and Cons
419 Advance Fee Fraud- company or
individual claims to have acquired large
sums of money from business however , they
need money wired to them to carry out a
transfer of funds
Ponzi Schemes- pays investor dividends on
cash they have entrusted the offender with
as a scheme
Pyramid Schemes- investors are rewarded
out of funds from later investors under the
false impression that profits are legitimate
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Scams, Schemes, and Cons
Pump and Dump Scams- stock market
scam where stocks are artificially inflated in
value then deflated in value
Romance Cons- creating relationships with
those in foreign countries
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Scams, Schemes, and Cons
Fraudulent
manufacturing,
altering, or
distributing of a
product that is of
lesser value than
the original
produce.
Also referred to
as pirating.
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CHAPTER SUMMARY
Crimes involving the taking of anything of value without the owner’s
consent, with the intent to permanently deprive him or her of the value
of the property taken are referred to under the law as larceny-theft.
The crime of shoplifting typically involves offenders who enter a retail
establishment, hide some type of property on their person, and leave
the establishment with the property without paying the merchant.
Popular forms of fraud include credit card fraud, health care fraud,
insurance fraud, mortgage fraud, and various forms of fraudulent
activities associated with identity theft.
Some of the more widely used cons, scams, and schemes include Ponzi
and pyramid schemes. Both of these methods involve collection of
funds from victims by fraudulent means and payment of funds acquired
from later victims to earlier victims—both of whom believe that they are
involved in a legitimate investment.
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved