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Narrative Texts What is a narrative text? • Tells a story • Based on life experiences • Person-oriented using dialogue and familiar language (written in first, second, or third person) 2 Purpose(s) • To entertain • To tell a story • To Provide an aesthetic experience 3 Genres • Traditional Literature – – – – – Myths and religious stories Fables (proverbs explicitly stated at the end) Folktales (word of mouth, unknown origins) Pourquoi Tales (explain phenomena) Tall Tales and Legends (greatly exaggerated accounts of heros and legends) – Cumulative tales (repeating and adding lines) – Fairy tales (folktales that involve magic) – Apprenticeship/Hero tales (character rises from a lowly to high estate, or from ignored/ threatened to recognized/rewarded for good qualities 4 • • • • • • • Realistic fiction Historical fiction Fantasy and science fiction Biography (depending on structure) Drama Diaries Personal narrative 5 Organization Story Grammar/Story Structure • Characters • Setting • Problem • Events • Resolution • Theme 6 Less Complex Story Grammar • Beginning (characters, setting, problem) • Middle (events) • End (resolution) 7 More Complex Story Grammar • Beginning: – characters (antagonist/protagonist), setting, problem (conflict), initiating event • Middle: – turning points, crisis, rising action, climax, subplot, parallel episodes • End: – resolution, falling action, ending 8 Expository Texts • Non fiction • Provide information [“Communicate information about the natural or social world” (Duke, 2000)] • Use non-text features, such as charts, pictures, diagrams • May contain captions with graphics • Contain timeless verb constructions (“Tigers are strong animals”) • Structured differently than stories – Cause/effect – Compare/contrast – Description – Time order/sequence – Problem/solution – Enumerative/listing 9 Is It Really That Easy? 10 What About… • History books • Biography • Autobiography • May be classified as narrative because (1) they follow narrative structure, (2) they inform about people rather than “the natural or social world” 11 Hybrid Texts • Author wants to convey information about natural or social world, but does so in a way that is perhaps considered more humorous and entertaining • Combines elements of narrative and exposition • Example: Magic School Bus Series 12