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The Golden Age of Greece Arts of the Golden Age 400s BC Greece entered a new era of cultural progress Athens stood as the symbol of Greece’s Golden Age Athens became the center of learning and artistic achievement Architecture Athenians showed pride by building temples, gymnasiums, and theaters Acropolis – a high hill, was the center of Athens At the top of the Acropolis stood the Parthenon – White marble temple built in honor of Athena Then… Now… The Parthenon Greek temples were used as shrines, not places of worship Inside – 38 foot tall statue of Athena, made of ivory and gold Greeks’ greatest achievement Do any modern buildings look like the Parthenon? Painting Painting was an important art form to the Greeks Most original pieces of art have been lost or badly damaged Best preserved paintings are found on vases Vase paintings showed scenes from everyday life Sculpture Early Greek Sculptures – Figures were stiff and in unnatural poses – Men and women were portrayed standing with their arms straight down 400s BC sculptors began creating more lifelike figures – Many using mathematical proportions to make the statue look realistic Myron The Discus Thrower – Created around 460 BC Phidias Created the statues of Athena that decorated the Acropolis and the Parthenon Greatest work – Statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia 40 feet tall In ancient times considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World Praxiteles Lived about 100 years after Phidias Created more lifelike and natural statues, unlike Phidias Above all things Praxiteles expressed the Greek admiration for the beauty of the human body The Nature of Greek Art Greek art reflects the Greek view of themselves and the world by: – Glorifying human beings – Pride in their city-state – Expressed beliefs in harmony, balance, order, and moderation – Combining beauty and usefulness Philosophers of the Golden Age “An unexamined life” - Socrates The Rise of Philosophy Philosophy – the study of basic questions of reality and human existence Used philosophy to better understand themselves and the world around them Philosophers often disagree, but most believed: that you could discover truths through reason Socrates Taught that education was the key of personal growth Taught by using the Socratic Method instead of memorization Socratic Method Taught by asking questions that forced his students to test their own values and ideas One question would lead to another question Got him into a lot of trouble His Big Mouth… Socrates had powerful enemies His questions often made officials look foolish He openly criticized democracysaying that unskilled people should not have power Made fun of local teachers and their teaching styles Trial and Death Enemies falsely accused him of denying the existence of many Greek gods Said that his teachings corrupted the minds of the youth Brought to trial Socrates did little to defend himself He refused to deny his teachings Found guilty and executed Plato One of Socrates greatest students After the death of Socrates, Plato founded the Academy First institute of higher learning in the Western World “Theory of Forms” A theory that states the world as it seems is not the real world, but a shadow of the real world Perfection can never be reached because your senses can be fooled A square is a perfect shape, but it is almost impossible to make a perfect square Politics Aristocracy – a government ruled by an upper class In Plato’s aristocracy the government would not be run by the rich, but by the philosophers Aristotle One of Plato’s students at the Academy Founded his own school in 335 BC Believed that every field of knowledge had to be studied logically Collected facts and then organized them, by defining and classifying them Important part of modern day science Political Views Believed that monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy were all good forms of government But all could be corrupted easily Wanted to combine the three and create a limited democracy Pythagoras Philosopher who believed that everything could be explained by math Pythagorean theorem Hippocrates Lived between 460 – 377 BC Founder of medical science Taught that disease comes from natural causes and not from punishment from the gods Believed that rest, fresh air, and a proper diet made the best cures Hippocratic Oath “I swear… that I will carry out, according to my ability and judgment, this oath and this indenture [contract]…I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability and judgment, but never with a view to injury and wrongdoing.” History First people to take writing history seriously Herodotus is consider the Father of History Made sure to point out if he saw something or was told about an event Thucydides recorded a History of the Peloponnesian War Greek Theater Athenian writers produced many of the world’s greatest works of literature First to write Dramas Two or three actors spoke or sang the lines for an audience Male actors played the women parts A group of singers, called the chorus, described the scene Tragedies- main character struggled against fate, or events Often the tragic heroes were punished for displaying pride Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides- most famous writers of tragedies Comedies- Made fun of ideas and people Usually included both tragic and humorous figures Main characters in comedies solved their problems Finest writer of Greek comedies was Aristophanes
