Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Interactive Flashcards US History Vocabulary Review Goals 7-12
Transcript
Interactive Flashcards US History Vocabulary Review Goals 7-12 Begin Review Goal Seven Muckraking See the Definition Monroe Doctrine See the Definition A part Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy” Reinforced the idea of no European control of Latin America Stated that if necessary the US would intervene in Latin America on behalf of Europe The US as an international police force Return to Word Next Word Journalists who exposed corruption and weakness in American society early in 20th century Return to Word Next Word Sherman Anti-Trust Act See the Definition Outlawed business monopolies because they stifled trade Authorized the Attorney General to force monopolies to break up into smaller companies Return to Word Next Word Plessey v. Ferguson See the Definition Supreme Court case which established the principle of “separate, but equal” Return to Word Next Word Booker T. Washington See the Definition Ex-slave and African American leader at turn of 20th century Acknowledged white domination, called for slow progress through selfimprovement Stressed patience, manual training, and hard work Return to Word Next Word W.E.B. DuBois See the Definition African American leader in early party of 20th century who earned first African American doctorate from Harvard In his Souls of Black Folks, he attacked Washington’s views and sought higher education for African Americans Return to Word Next Word Ida Wells Barnett See the Definition African American journalist from Tennessee who led a crusade against lynching Return to Word Next Word Great Migration See the Definition Large scale movement of African Americans from the South to the North in the early part of the 20th century Reasons for move were to escape Jim Crow laws and discrimination and for economic opportunity Return to Word Next Word NAACP See the Definition National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Created by white progressives and members of Niagara Movement in 1908 on Lincoln’s birthday Mission was to abolish all forms of segregation and increase educational opportunities for AfricanAmerican children Relied on extensive use of the court system Return to Word Next Word Poll taxes See the Definition Annual tax required to be paid before one could vote; hurt poor whites and African Americans Return to Word Next Word Henry Ford See the Definition $5 day – Ford’s wage scheme that doubled average wage in automobile industry; lead to increased production Assembly line – Ford used a moving assembly line to produce automobiles instead of handcraftsmanship Model T – first affordable automobile, credited with putting Americans on wheels Workers as consumers – Ford paid workers a wage proportionate to the cost of the car so the would become ready made market Return to Word Next Word Goal Eight Nationalism See the Definition Pride or loyalty to one’s country One of the causes of WWI Return to Word Next Word Militarism See the Definition Glorification of a nation’s military strengths Aggressive increase in the armed forces of Europe’s great powers One of the causes of WWI Return to Word Next Word WWI Alliances See the Definition WWI alliance of Russia, France, The British Empire, and Italy Return to Word Next Word WWI Central Powers See the Definition WWI alliance of Germany, AustriaHungary, and the Ottoman Empire Return to Word Next Word Kaiser Wilhelm II See the Definition Leader of Germany during WWI Return to Word Next Word Zimmerman Telegram See the Definition Secret message sent by Germany’s foreign minister (Arthur Zimmerman) to the German ambassador in Mexico that disclosed a German plan to form an alliance w/ Mexico if the U.S. should enter the war Return to Word Next Word Lusitania See the Definition British passenger ship sunk by the Germans on May 7, 1915, killing 1200 civilians, including 128 Americans Helped turn American public opinion against Germany before the US entered WWI Return to Word Next Word Woodrow Wilson See the Definition U.S. President from 1912-1920 Considered to be on of three Progressive presidents from the early 1900s President during WWI Return to Word Next Word Trench Warfare See the Definition Style of infantry combat during WWI Each side sheltered in trenches from which they would attack the other Led to stalemate on the western front Return to Word Next Word Wilson’s Fourteen Points See the Definition Pres. Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI Listed steps that the world must take to prevent another great war Advocated free trade, freedom of the seas, and self-determination Return to Word Next Word Treaty of Versailles See the Definition Treaty that ended WWI and created the League of Nations The US Senate never approved the treaty or joined the League of Nations Return to Word Next Word Sacco & Vanzetti See the Definition Anarchists who were accused and convicted of committing 2 murders during a robbery The judge refused to listen to witnesses who gave the 2 men alibis and the men were executed Their execution was seen as a form of discrimination against immigrants in the early 1900s Return to Word Next Word Goal Nine Laissez Faire See the Definition Hands-off approach to governing Approach to governing that advocates no government regulation/intervention in the economy Return to Word Next Word Speculation See the Definition Buying something at a low price, in order to sell it at a higher price later The term is often used in reference to buying and selling stock Speculation in the stock market is considered a cause of the 1929 stock market crash Return to Word Next Word Buying on the margin See the Definition Borrowing money in order to invest in the stock market Considered a cause of the 1929 stock market crash Return to Word Next Word Black Tuesday See the Definition Term used to describe Oct 29, 1929 Five days after the initial crash, the stock market reached its lowest point Usually associated with the start of the Great Depression Return to Word Next Word Direct Relief See the Definition Government providing jobs, money, food, etc. to people in need Approach taken by FDR in reacting to the Depression Return to Word Next Word Hoovervilles See the Definition Shantytowns formed by people left homeless during the Depression Nicknamed after President Hoover Return to Word Next Word Soup Kitchen See the Definition Soup kitchens were places where people suffering from the Depression could get food for free Usually operated and staffed by volunteers and/or church organizations Return to Word Next Word Jazz See the Definition Popular form of music during the 1920s Key Figures: Lois Armstrong, Duke Ellington The “Jazz Age” refers to the time period between the early 1920s and the end of WWI Return to Word Next Word Speakeasies See the Definition Places to buy liquor illegally during prohibition Return to Word Next Word Fireside Chats See the Definition Radio addresses made by FDR to the American people during the Great Depression and WWII FDR used the addresses to reassure American’s during times of crisis Return to Word Next Word Marcus Garvey See the Definition Advocate of Black Nationalism and founder of the United Negro Improvement Association Supported a Back-to-Africa movement that encouraged all people of African descent to return to Africa Return to Word Next Word Scopes Trial See the Definition Often called the “Scopes Monkey Trial” John T. Scopes broke a Tennessee law banning the teaching of evolution in schools The trial was referred to as the “Trial of the Century” and drew nationwide attention Return to Word Next Word Billy Sunday See the Definition Christian Evangelist in the early 1900s Known for his “fire and brimstone” approach to evangelism, opposition to evolution, and support for prohibition Return to Word Next Word FDIC See the Definition Government program created during the New Deal Bank closings during the Great Depression caused many Americans to distrust banks FDIC was designed to restore Americans’ trust in banks by promising to insure all deposits up to $5,000 ($100,000 today) Return to Word Next Word PWA See the Definition Government program created during the New Deal Designed to help stimulate the American economy by providing jobs Government paid Americans to work on construction projects (roads, dams, etc.) Return to Word Next Word WPA See the Definition The largest New Deal agency Designed to help stimulate the American economy by providing jobs Employed people in construction and as writers, musicians, and artists Return to Word Next Word Frances Perkins See the Definition The first female cabinet member She was appointed Secretary of Labor by FDR in 1933 Return to Word Next Word Goal Ten Axis Powers See the Definition WWII alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan Return to Word Next Word Fascism See the Definition Political ideology based on nationalism Characteristics: One party dictatorship Extreme nationalism Anti-Communist & Anti-Democratic Militaristic: both developed powerful militaries Return to Word Next Word Adolf Hitler See the Definition German dictator during WWII Leader of the Nazi Party Return to Word Next Word Third Reich See the Definition Name used to refer to Germany under the Nazi Party Return to Word Next Word Benito Mussolini See the Definition Italian dictator during WWII Leader of the Fascist Party Return to Word Next Word Emperor Hirohito See the Definition Emperor of Japan during WWII Return to Word Next Word Allied Powers See the Definition WWII alliance of the US, Great Britain, and the USSR Return to Word Next Word Winston Churchill See the Definition Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII Return to Word Next Word Joseph Stalin See the Definition Premier of the USSR during WWII Stalin was an ally of the US during WWII, but became a major adversary during the Cold War Return to Word Next Word Kellogg – Briand Pact See the Definition International treaty that outlawed war in 1928 Return to Word Next Word Lend-Lease Act See the Definition Act of Congress that allowed FDR to supply the Allied Powers with weapons before the Pearl Harbor attack Return to Word Next Word Pearl Harbor See the Definition Japan attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec 7, 1941 The attack led the US to declare war on Japan and enter WWII on the side of the Allied Powers Return to Word Next Word Battle of the Bulge See the Definition The last German offensive of WWII The German Army tried to split the American and British forces Germany hoped to force the Allies into negotiating a peace treaty with the Axis Powers Return to Word Next Word Blitzkrieg See the Definition Lightning war Using airplanes to bomb an area before rapidly invading using tanks and other mechanized weapons Used by Germany during WWII Return to Word Next Word D-Day Operation Overlord See the Definition France was captured by Germany in the early years of WWII and this was the Allied invasion of France to liberate the nation from German occupation Allied forces crossed the English Channel from England to the beaches of German occupied Normandy, France Return to Word Next Word General George Patton See the Definition US Army General during WWII Led US forces against Germany forces in North Africa and led the US invasion of Italy Also led US forces in the Allied attack on Germany Return to Word Next Word Holocaust See the Definition Nazi campaign of genocide against Jews and other European minorities Approximately 6 million Jews were killed Nazis referred to it as the “Final Solution” Return to Word Next Word Newsreels See the Definition Short news clips shown in movie theaters An important source of information about the war Used as pro-war propaganda by the US government Return to Word Next Word Iwo Jima See the Definition Battle between the US and Japan during WWII Both sides suffered extremely high numbers of killed and wounded One of the battles that made American leaders concerned about the costs of an invasion of Japan Famous for the photograph of US Marines raising an American during the battle Return to Word Next Word Atomic Bomb See the Definition The US developed it as a part of a top secret program named the Manhattan Project Only been used in warfare twice, both by the US at the end of WWII - Hiroshima and Nagasaki Played a very important role in the Cold War, leading to a nuclear arms race Return to Word Next Word Island hopping See the Definition US strategy for fighting in the Pacific theater during WWII The US bypassed islands heavily defended by the Japanese and instead focused only on capturing islands that were not well defended but would help the US in its push towards Japan Return to Word Next Word Nuremberg Trials See the Definition A series of trials after WWII known for their prosecution of Nazi leaders The trials were held in Nuremburg, Germany Return to Word Next Word War Bonds See the Definition A type of savings bond sold during WWI and WWII as a means of raising money for the war effort A way for Americans to lend money to the government, and be repaid plus interest Return to Word Next Word G.I. Bill See the Definition Nickname for the Serviceman Readjustment Act of 1944 Provided money to US soldiers returning from WWII to pay for college or job training, and provided low-interest home loans Return to Word Next Word Levittown See the Definition The first mass-produced suburb Became the model for post-WWII suburbs in the US Named for the builder Abraham Levitt Return to Word Next Word Rosie the Riveter See the Definition Character used to represent women who worked in manufacturing during WWII Many women entered the workforce to produce war supplies while the men who traditionally performed this work went to war Return to Word Next Word TaftHartley Act See the Definition Severely limited the power of American labor unions Banned closed shops and put restrictions on Union shops Passed by Congress over Truman’s veto in 1947 Return to Word Next Word Japanese Internment camps See the Definition The forced detention of 120,000 Japanese-Americans during WWII for fear of spying and sabotage Return to Word Next Word Bay of Pigs See the Definition Failed attempt by the US to train Cuban refugees to invade Cuba and overthrow Communist dictator Fidel Castro The invasion was a bad for President Kennedy’s Cold War image Return to Word Next Word Berlin Wall See the Definition East Germany built a wall separating East and West Berlin The wall was built to keep East Germans from escaping to West Germany The wall served as a symbol of the Cold War Return to Word Next Word Cuban Missile Crisis See the Definition In October of 1962 US spy planes detected Soviet missiles being built in Cuba President Kennedy ordered a naval quarantine (blockade) of Cuba to prevent the missiles from becoming operational 13 days into the crisis, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that the missiles would be removed Return to Word Next Word Fidel Castro See the Definition Communist dictator who took over Cuba in 1959 Return to Word Next Word Geneva Accords See the Definition France gave up control of Vietnam Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam at the 17th parallel line Also called the Geneva Conference Return to Word Next Word Iron Curtain See the Definition Symbolic boundary between East and West East = the USSR and its communist allies West = the US and its non-communist allies Return to Word Next Word Korean War See the Definition Korea was divided along the 38th parallel line in 1945 In 1950 communist North Korea invaded non-communist South Korea Harry Truman sent US forces to help defend South Korea from communist takeover Return to Word Next Word Marshall Plan See the Definition US plan to rebuild Europe after WWII Named for Secretary of State George Marshall The US offered economic aid to all European nations, including those behind the Iron Curtain (no communist nations accepted) Americans hoped that rebuilding the European economy would make communism less attractive Return to Word Next Word Alliance for Progress See the Definition Organization created by JFK aimed at establishing economic cooperation between North and South America Intended to counter the threat of communism posed by Cuba Return to Word Next Word NATO See the Definition The North Atlantic Treaty Organization Cold War alliance of Western nations against communist threats Return to Word Next Word Warsaw Pact See the Definition Cold War alliance of Soviet dominated Communist nations Created in response to the formation of NATO Return to Word Next Word United Nations See the Definition International organization founded in 1945 in the aftermath of WWII Designed to prevent future wars by promoting international law, cooperation between nations, and economic development Return to Word Next Word Goal Eleven Duck and Cover See the Definition Method of personal protection from nuclear attack taught to US school children beginning in late 1940s Return to Word Next Word House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) See the Definition Set up originally to investigate Nazi propaganda, after WWII, revived as watchdog against communist propaganda Most spectacular investigation was of motion picture industry beginning in 1947 Return to Word Next Word Alger Hiss See the Definition Former State Department official accused of being part of a Soviet espionage ring Convicted of perjuring himself before the HUAC Return to Word Next Word Julius and Ethel Rosenberg See the Definition “Atomic bomb spies” Members of American Communist party accused of being part of atomic bomb spy ring Convicted of espionage and executed in 1953 Return to Word Next Word Selective Service See the Definition Passed in 1940 instituted first peacetime draft; expired in 1947, but several draft laws passed between 1948-67 1975 by Executive Order, President Ford ended mandatory registration, but President Carter reinstated it in 1980 Return to Word Next Word New Left See the Definition Name loosely associated with radical social movements of the 1960s primarily on college campuses Symbolized best by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and opposition to the Vietnam War Return to Word Next Word Détente See the Definition Foreign policy mainly identified with President Nixon and Henry Kissinger aimed at reducing Cold War tensions Led in 1972 to Nixon’s visits to China and Moscow Return to Word Next Word Montgomery Bus Boycott See the Definition Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusal to give up seat on bus Lasted 381 days until federal courts struck down Alabama’s law requiring racial segregation in public transportation Return to Word Next Word Rosa Parks See the Definition Civil rights pioneer whose refusal to give up her seat on bus sparked the Montgomery bus boycott Return to Word Next Word Martin Luther King, Jr See the Definition Most influential civil rights leader of the 1950s-60s Civil Disobedience He earned the Noble Peace Prize for his work in 1964 Return to Word Next Word Malcolm X See the Definition Most popular and controversial Black Muslim (Nation of Islam) leader of 1960s Message was white responsibility for black condition, black pride, separatism, and armed self-defense when needed Return to Word Next Word Black Panthers See the Definition Militant black nationalist organization founded in Oakland, CA in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale Supported activities to help those in ghettos, however, better known for violent confrontations with law enforcement Return to Word Next Word Stokley Carmichael See the Definition Militant leader of SNCC who advocated political separation of the races and violent revolution Return to Word Next Word CORE See the Definition Interracial organization formed in 1942 to challenge segregation Organized the “freedom riders” challenge to segregated bus facilities in the South in 1961 and active in “Freedom Summer” of 1964 Return to Word Next Word S.N.C.C. (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) See the Definition Biracial national protest group originally founded to coordinate sit-ins and boycotts, later voting rights drives In the middle 1960s, under the direction of Stokley Carmichael, it became much more radical/militant Return to Word Next Word March on Washington See the Definition March organized by civil rights groups to support the passage of the 1963 Civil Rights Bill Held on August 28, 1963, it was here that Martin Luther King, Jr. made his “I Have a Dream” speech Return to Word Next Word Little Rock Nine See the Definition Nine African American students chosen to integrate the school system in Little Rock Blocked by the governor of Arkansas, President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to ensure integration Return to Word Next Word George Wallace See the Definition Segregationist and states rights governor of Alabama who attempted to prevent integration in state Ran for president as 3rd party candidate in 1968 (captured 5 states) and again in 1972 (paralyzed in assassination attempt) Return to Word Next Word Brown v. Board of Education See the Definition Held by many scholars to be the most important Supreme Court case of the 20th century Overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, holding that “separte educational facilities are inherently unequal." Return to Word Next Word Thurgood Marshall See the Definition Chief counsel for the NAACP in many civil rights cases including Brown v. Board of Education In 1967 became first African American appointed to the Supreme Court Return to Word Next Word Earl Warren See the Definition Chief Justice of Supreme Court from 1953-1969 His term of office was marked by numerous rulings affecting, among other things civil rights, separation of church and state, rights of accused persons Return to Word Next Word Civil Rights Act of 1964 See the Definition Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations (theaters, hotels, restaurants) Prohibited employment discrimination based on race, creed, national origin, and sex. Return to Word Next Word NOW National Organization for Women See the Definition Women’s rights organization founded by Betty Freidan and other feminist in 1966 Major goals were passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual equality in the workplace through political means Return to Word Next Word Gloria Steinem See the Definition American feminist and activist who founded the feminist magazine, Ms, in 1971 Return to Word Next Word The Feminine Mystique See the Definition 1963 book written by Betty Friedan which attacked the popular notion that women during this time could only find fulfillment through childbearing and homemaking Return to Word Next Word ERA Equal Rights Amendment See the Definition Proposed constitutional amendment that provided that equality of rights could not be denied on account of sex Passed Congress in 1972 and sent to states for ratification; fell 3 states short of ratification Return to Word Next Word Roe v. Wade See the Definition Established that abortion is a fundamental right under the Constitution Decision was based on right to privacy (not explicit, but 9th amendment) Return to Word Next Word HaightAshbury See the Definition Area in San Francisco which became the center of the 1960s hippie movement Return to Word Next Word Woodstock See the Definition Rock festival which has been romanticized and idealized in American popular culture as the culmination of the hippie movement Held in August 1969, it featured many rock legends, The Who, Hendrix, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, and the Grateful Dead Return to Word Next Word Cesar Chavez See the Definition Latino labor leader of farm workers who helped form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee in 1966 Organized boycott of California grapes in 1965 which led to contract in 1970 Return to Word Next Word AIM American Indian Movement See the Definition Often militant Native American activist organization dedicated to protecting Native American rights Seized Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1972 and had bloody confrontation with federal authorities at Wounded Knee in 1973 Return to Word Next Word EPA See the Definition Established by President Nixon in 1970, it is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and with safeguarding the natural environment: air, water, and land Return to Word Next Word Ho Chi Minh See the Definition Vietnamese nationalist and founder of the Viet Minh independence movement in 1940s First president and leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) Return to Word Next Word Vietcong See the Definition Insurgent organization in South Vietnam composed of South/North Vietnamese who fought US and South Vietnam in guerilla war Return to Word Next Word Gulf of Tonkin Resolution See the Definition Congressional resolution passed in response to alleged attacks by North Vietnamese patrol boats in Gulf of Tonkin Gave president (LBJ) authority to use all necessary measures to repel attacks against U.S. forces and take all steps necessary for the defense of U.S. allies in Southeast Asia Return to Word Next Word Operation Rolling Thunder See the Definition Sustained bombing raids of North Vietnam which began 3 months after LBJ became president and lasted for 3 years Return to Word Next Word My Lai Incident See the Definition Massacre of hundreds of Vietnamese civilians by US soldiers led by Lt. William Calley News of atrocity led to public outrage, loss of support for war, and Calley’s court martial Return to Word Next Word Agent Orange See the Definition Powerful herbicide/defoliant used in war; later linked to a variety of health problems suffered by veterans Return to Word Next Word Napalm See the Definition Jellied gasoline incendiary used in bombs during Vietnam War; highly flammable and adheres to victims causing severe burns Return to Word Next Word Tet Offensive See the Definition Surprise attack by Vietcong on hundreds of South Vietnamese cities and villages beginning on Tet (Vietnamese New Year) Although military victory for US/South Vietnamese, it became a turning point of the war because of American public opinion Return to Word Next Word Kent State See the Definition Student protests over American invasion of Cambodia led to Ohio National Guard firing into group of students leaving 4 dead and 9 wounded Return to Word Next Word Cambodia and Laos See the Definition Both were granted independence from France after the 1954 Geneva Conference During the Vietnam War the Ho Chi Minh Trail ran through these two countries connecting North Vietnam to South Vietnam Return to Word Next Word Sputnik See the Definition First artificial satellite launched by the Soviets in October 1957 Marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race Return to Word Next Word NASA See the Definition US space agency created during the Cold War Established in 1958 in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik Return to Word Next Word Peace Corps See the Definition Program of volunteer assistance to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America established in 1961 by Executive Order Huge success and one of JFK’s most lasting contributions Return to Word Next Word United States v. Nixon See the Definition Case involved President Nixon’s refusal to surrender tape recordings to Watergate Special Prosecutor on grounds of executive privilege Supreme Court determined it had the power to decide limits of presidential power and rejected Nixon’s claim of privilege Return to Word Next Word th 25 Amendment See the Definition Provides for secession upon death/removal/resignation of president or vice president Provides for discharge of presidential duties upon disability Return to Word Next Word Goal Twelve Camp David Accords See the Definition Framework for peace process between Israel and Egypt brokered by President Carter between Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel in September 1978 Led to historic peace treaty following year between the two countries Return to Word Next Word Iranian Hostage Crisis See the Definition Triggered by US allowing Shah to enter US for medical treatment Militant Islamic students stormed US embassy in Teheran, taking hostages Carter’s failure to secure the release of hostages hurt his reelection bid Return to Word Next Word Jimmy Carter See the Definition Former governor of Georgia and 39th president of the United States His administration was hurt by the economy, energy crisis, and hostage situation and he was seen as a less than effective president Most outstanding foreign policy success was Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt Return to Word Next Word Star Wars See the Definition March 1983 - Reagan’s most significant defense initiative System of weapons based in space that would intercept Soviet missiles before they reached US Return to Word Next Word IranContra Affair See the Definition Illegal arms sales to Iran for the release of hostages held in Lebanon with the resulting profits funneled to the Contras in Nicaragua in direct violation of Congress ban contained in Boland Amendment A number of Reagan aides were indicted and convicted, however Reagan denied any knowledge of the affair Return to Word Next Word Mikhail Gorbachev See the Definition Last leader of the Soviet Union Introduced glasnost and perestroika as reforms of the Soviet system Return to Word Next Word Saddam Hussein See the Definition President of Iraq from 1979 until 2003 who brutally suppressed challenges to his rule from religious and ethnic groups Stayed in power through the Iraq-Iran War and Gulf War Return to Word Next Word Persian Gulf War See the Definition Operation Desert Storm (1991) Attack by multinational coalition led by the US to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait Iraq War (2003-) 2003 attack on Iraq for the stated reasons the it possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and harbored terrorist War resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s government and his subsequent arrest and execution Return to Word Next Word Tiananmen Square See the Definition Bloody in Peking military operation by Chinese government that that killed hundreds of civilians and crushed democratic uprising Return to Word Next Word Sandra Day O’Connor See the Definition Appointed by Reagan in July 1981 to Supreme Court First female justice Return to Word Next Word Clarence Thomas See the Definition African American appointed to Supreme Court by George Bush in 1991 Meager qualifications, opposition to affirmative action, and allegations of sexual impropriety led to dramatic hearings on confirmation Return to Word Next Word Americans with Disabilities Act See the Definition Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in areas such as employment, public accommodations, public transportation, telecommunications Return to Word Next Word Geraldine Ferraro See the Definition Democratic VP nominee in 1984 election First woman candidate Return to Word Next Word Stagflation See the Definition Economic conditions existing during Nixon’s administration and later Ford’s Stagnant economy plus inflation Return to Word Next Word NAFTA See the Definition Brought Mexico into free trade zone with US and Canada Ratified in 1993 it increased trade with Mexico Return to Word Next Word Three Mile Island See the Definition March 1989 a nuclear reactor malfunctioned sparking fears of release of radiation and evacuation of area Rekindled debate over the safety of nuclear power Return to Word Next Word Supply Side Economics See the Definition Reaganomics – traditional Republican suspicion of government spending combined with aggressive cut in federal income taxes Lower taxes gave business and individuals more money to spend resulting in a surge of productive economic activity Trickle-down economics Return to Word Next Word National Debt See the Definition Amount of money owed by the US government to creditors approximately 44% of which is owed to foreigners It increased significantly during Reagan’s and George W. Bush’s administrations Return to Word Next Word Challenger disaster See the Definition Space shuttle exploded in January 1986, killing all 7 crew members Caused some to question the safety of the space program Return to Word Next Word Ronald Reagan See the Definition Former governor of California and 40th president of the United States His election marked the resurgence of conservatism His use of supply side economics (Reaganomics) led to an economic recovery during his administration, but at the cost of enormous national debt His foreign policy was marked by conflict and agreement with the Soviet Union Return to Word Next Word New Right Coalition See the Definition Coalition between right wing grassroots groups that grew up in the 1970s around the support for key issues such as blockage of the ERA, criticism of abortion rights, school busing, and affirmative action, and support for school prayer Included business leaders, middle class voters, disaffected Democrats, fundamentalist Christian groups Return to Word Next Word Ross Perot See the Definition Third party candidate in the presidential election of 1992 who targeted the federal deficit as the nation’s number 1 problem On election day, he captured 19% of the electoral vote, the most of a third party candidate since T. Roosevelt in 1912 Return to Word Next Word Bill Clinton See the Definition Former governor of Arkansas who was elected as president in 1992 and again in 1992 Clinton ran as a New Democrat In his administrations, he presided over the longest peacetime economic expansion in US history, however the were marred by his impeachment in 1998 and the resulting trial in 1999 in which he was acquitted Return to Word Next Word Al Gore See the Definition Bill Clinton’s VP who ran for president in 2000 Although he won the most popular votes, he lost the election in the electoral college by virtue of the unfavorable Supreme Court decision in Bush v. Gore Return to Word Next Word Joe Lieberman See the Definition Al Gore’s VP running mate in the 2000 election and the first Jewish American to run for national office Return to Word Next Word Affirmative Action See the Definition A policy or a program whose stated goal is to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged (minorities) Return to Word Next Word Multiculturalism See the Definition Sometimes used interchangeably with diversity Idea that society should consist of, or at least allow and include, distinct cultural groups, with equal status Return to Word Next Word Nativist See the Definition Favoring native born people; generally opposition to immigration Return to Word Next Word Patriot Act See the Definition Passed originally in the aftermath of September 11 in response to the terrorist attacks on the US, its intent was to greatly expand the authority of American law enforcement to combat terrorism It came under attack (some parts were found unconstitutional) for its effects on civil liberties Return to Word Next Word September 11, 2001 See the Definition Series of coordinated attacks by terrorist associated with al Qaeda on the US using four hijacked airliners Two airplanes hit the World Trade Center destroying it One airliner damaged the Pentagon and the fourth crashed in Pennsylvania Return to Word Next Word Al-Qaeda See the Definition Militant Islamic fundamentalist terrorist organization which has committed multiple acts of terrorism Infamously known for planning and executing the September 11, 2001 attacks in the US Return to Word Next Word Colin Powell See the Definition Highest ranking African American in the history of the US military, who became Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff As the first African American Secretary of State in George W. Bush’s administration, he originally opposed waging war on Iraq, but later relented Return to Word Next Word Osama bin Laden See the Definition Saudi Arabian militant Islamist believed to be one of the founders of al Qaeda and one of the masterminds behind the 1998 US Embassy bombings and the September 11, 2001 attacks Despite US attempts to capture him, he remains at large Return to Word Next Word George W. Bush See the Definition Former governor of Texas and 43rd president of the United States Bush has pursued a domestic agenda based on supply side economics, resulting in tax cuts, but also record deficits Administration had been defined by September 11, 2001 and the War in Iraq Return to Word Next Word Axis of Evil See the Definition Used by George W. Bush in his State of the Union address in 2002 to describe regimes that he accused of sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction, specifically Iran, Iraq, and North Korea Return to Word Next Word War on Iraq See the Definition 2003 attack on Iraq for the stated reasons the it possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and harbored terrorist War resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s government and his subsequent arrest and execution US remains in Iraq for the purpose of rebuilding the country Return to Word Next Word Department of Homeland Security See the Definition Cabinet level department created by Congress in November 2002 in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks It has the responsibility of protecting the territory of the United States from terrorist attacks and responding to natural disasters Return to Word Next Word Taliban Regime See the Definition Islamic fundamentalist movement which effectively ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, until displaced by a joint US and NATO force in late 2001 US/NATO attack was an attempt to capture al Qaeda terrorist supposedly protected by the Taliban Return to Word Next Word Green Card See the Definition Identification card for legal permanent residents of the US who are not US citizens Return to Word Next Word End of Review Begin Again
